Peds MS & Neuro
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| CN X | vagus nerve
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| CN IX | glossopharyngeal nerve
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| CN I | olfactory sense smell
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| CN X | vagus nerve gag
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| CN IX | glossopharyngeal nerve
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| CN XII | hypoglossal nerve
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| CN VII | Facial Nerve
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| CN V | trigeminal nerve
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| CN XI | spinal accessory shoulder shrug
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| posterior fontanel | closes at 2 mos
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| anterior fontanel | closes at 18 to 24 mos
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| Optic nerve | CN II
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| Oculomotor nerve | CN III
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| Trochlear nerve | CN IV
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| Abducens nerve | CN VI
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| Facial nerve | CN VII
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| Acoustic nerve | CN VIII
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| Strain | excessive stretching by forceful contraction beyond its functional capacity
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| Sprain | stretching or tearing a supporting ligament of a joint
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| Fracture | partial or complete break in the continuity of a bone resulting from trauma
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| Myelomeningocele (spina bifida) of the vertebral column | congenital neural tube defects with incomplete closure
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| Talipes Equinovarus (club foot) | includes inversion of the foot at the ankle and fixed congential defect of the ankle and foot; plantar flexion with the toes lower than the heel
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| Barlow Ortolani maneuver | testing hip dislocation in infant
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| Allis sign | dectect hip dislocation or shortened femur; with baby supine flex both knees with feet on the table. Unequal knee height is positive test
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| Genu varum | bow leg
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| Genu valgum | knock-knee
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| Gower sign | Child rises from a sitting position by placing hands on the legs and pushing the trunk up; seen in Muscular Dystrophy
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| Metatarsus Adductus (Metatarsus Varus) | most common congenital foot deformity; can be fixed or flexible; caused by intrauterine positioning; medial adduction of the toes and forefoot resulting in angulation at the tarsometatarsal joint
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| Developmental dysplasia of the hip | condition present at birth in which the femoral head has an inappropriate relationship with the acetabulum; joint ligaments allow displacement of the femoral head
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| Legg-calve-perthes disease | avascular necrosis of the femoral head resulting from a decreased blood supply to the femoral head; most often seen in boys age age 4 to 8years
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| Osgood-Schlatter Disease | inflammation of a bony outgrowth of the anterior aspect of the tibial tubercle in association with inflammation of the anterior patellar tendon
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| Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis | the ball at the upper end of the femur slips off in a backward direction due to weakness of the growth plate; seen most often in obese males between the ages of 11-15years
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| Muscular Dystrophy | group of genetic disorders involving the gradual degeneration of the muscle fibers characterized by progressive symmetric weakness and muscle atrophy
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| Salter Harris I fracture | the physis is widened; growth disturbances are uncommon
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| Salter Harris II fracture | involves the metaphysis as well as the physis; rarely results in functional deficits; most common type
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| Salter Harris III fracture | involves both the epiphysis as well as the physis; damage to the growth plate but prognosis is relatively favorable
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| Salter Harris IV fracture | involves the epiphysis, physis, and metaphysis; can cause chronic disability
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| Salter Harris V fracture | a compression of the physis caused by an axial load; poor functional prognosis
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| Recent onset of photophobia w/ severe generalized HA, fever and malaise | Meningitis
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| bacterial osteomyelitis | acute or chronic inflammatory process of the bone and its structures secondary to infection w/ pyogenic organisms
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| (T/F?)Bones are not very porous and flexible in children? | (False) Bones are more porous and flexible in children than in adults
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| What are the 3 types of fractures common in children? | Bends, Buckle, and greenstick
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| What are the 5 Ps of vascular injury to access for? | Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, paralysis
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| Ortolani maneuver | A + sign is a distinctive 'clunk' which can be heard & felt as the femoral head relocates anteriorly into the acetabulum.
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| Barlow maneuver | If the hip is popped out of socket with this maneuver, the test is considered positive.
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| What are the clinical manifestations of DDH? | Positive Ortolani & Barlow Tests; Unequal skin folds; limitation of abduction on affected side; unequal knee height; Positive Trendelenberg sign
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| (T/F?) Trendelenburg's sign is found in people with weak abductor muscles of the hip. | True
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| Trendelenburg's sign | Positive if, when standing on one leg, the pelvis drops on the side opposite to the stance leg. The body is not able to maintain the center of gravity on the side of the stance leg.
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| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) | 1 in 3600 males; x-lined recessive pattern; and there is an absence of dystrophin in muscle
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| What is dystrophin? | protein product in cell; w/o it cells explode and die in the muscle
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