Chapter 6
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| Food is ____________ matter that contains chemical energy. | organic
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| ______________must consume food that is already organic | Heterotrophs
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| The chemical energy found in food is directly usable by cells. True or false | false, is not
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| _________________ is the cell’s energy currency. | Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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| Cellular respiration is _____________ . | aerobic
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| Fermentation is _____________ . | anaerobic
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| C6H12O6 + 6O2→ 6CO2 + 6H2O _________ contains stored chemical energy. Energy is released when glucose is converted to carbon dioxide. | Glucose
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| The reactants of cellular respiration are ________ and __________. | glucose and molecular oxygen.
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| The products are cellular respiration ____________ and _____________. | carbon dioxide and water
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| Cellular respiration occurs as a series of steps. All but the first step occur in the _________________ | mitochondrion
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| ______________ is the first stage of cellular respiration. | Glycolysis
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| Glycolysis occurs in the _____________, not in the mitochondrion. | cytosol
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| Glycolysis occurs in two distinct phases | Energy investment phase , Energy harvest phase
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| During the energy investment phase, two ATP molecules are “spent” further energizing glucose. • This causes the sugar to become _____________ and ___________into two molecules, each with three carbons. | unstable and split
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| During the energy harvest phase, ______ ATP molecules are produced. Net gain of 2 ATP | four
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| ______________ is an electron carrier. | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
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| After glycolysis is finished we are left with two molecules of ___________. | pyruvate
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| These two pyruvate move into the mitochondrion. Before the next major step (Krebs Cycle), the two pyruvate undergo a few small changes. the two pyruvate have become | acetyl co-A.
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| The ___________ Cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. | Krebs
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| NADH and FADH2 drop off their energized electrons at the __________ ___________ ___________ | electron transport chain
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| ATP ________ uses energy from this gradient to produce ATP | synthase
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| In anaerobic environments, ______________ may be used as an an alternative method of converting food energy to ATP energy. | fermentation
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| In ___________ fermentation, ethanol and CO2 are produced as products. | alcoholic
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| In ________ __________ fermentation, lactate is produced as a product. | lactic acid
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| Krebs cycle produces ______ NADH, ____ FADH2, ____ ATP, ___ CO2 | 6, 2, 2, 4
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| Glycolysis produces ___ ATP , ___ NADH, ___ ATP | 2, 2
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| Pyruvate produces ___ NADH and ___ CO2 | 2, 2
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| Fermentation uses the _____________ ____________ to produce two ATP from one glucose molecule. | glycolysis pathway
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| Fermentation is conducted primarily by microbes. _________________ and _______________ | Bacteria and Yeasts
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| One molecule of glucose yields ______ ATP | 36
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| Fermentation is much more efficient than cellular respiration. True or fa;se | false
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| One molecule of glucose yields ______ATP in fermentation. | 2
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