3.5- Non-Specific Body Defences
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| What kind of cells form a physical barrier? | Epithelial cells
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| Where are closely packed epithelial cells found? | the skin and inner linings of the digestive and
respiratory systems.
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| What kind of secretions are produced against pathogens? | Secretions include tears, saliva, mucus and
stomach acid.
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| What is a pathogen? | A pathogen is a bacterium, virus or other
organism that can cause disease.
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| What is the name given to the response when histamine is produced? | The Inflammatory Response.
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| What releases histamine? | mast cells
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| What does histamine do? | causes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.
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| During the inflammatory response the increased blood flow leads to ? | an accumulation of phagocytes and clotting elements at the site of infection.
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| What do phagocytes do? | Phagocytes recognise pathogens and destroy them by phagocytosis.
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| What is phagocytosis? | Phagocytosis involves the engulfing of pathogens and their destruction by digestive enzymes contained in lysosomes.
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| What releases cytokines? | Phagocytes release cytokines
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| What are cytokines? | Cytokines are protein molecules that act as a signal to specific white blood cells causing them to accumulate at the site of infection.
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| What do cytokines attract? | attract more phagocytes to the site of infection
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