psychology101 #2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| show | Consistent set Of behavioral characteristics that people display over time & across situations. It distinguishes individuals from each other.
🗑
|
||||
| Personality view types | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | One thinks and behaves consistently across situations.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Our thoughts and behaviors change with the situation.
🗑
|
||||
| Interactionist view | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Openess, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism. (OCEAN)
🗑
|
||||
| Openess | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | competence, order, dutifulness, achievement striving, deliberation, self-discipline.Undependable - Dependable
🗑
|
||||
| show | gregariousness (social), assertiveness, activity, excitement seeking, positive emotions. Withdrawn - Outgoing
🗑
|
||||
| Agreeableness | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | anxiety, hostility, depression, self confidence, impulsiveness, vulnerability. Stable - Unstable
🗑
|
||||
| Three-Factor Theory of Personality | show 🗑
|
||||
| Psychoticism/Nonconformity | show 🗑
|
||||
| Eysenck | show 🗑
|
||||
| Temperament | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sociability, Emotionality, Impulsivity.
🗑
|
||||
| Sociability | show 🗑
|
||||
| Emotionality | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Ability to respond to stimuli immediately, without reflection or concern for consequences.
🗑
|
||||
| personality traits | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | -different numbers of factors -nearly all have extroversion and neuroticism -useful for conceptualizing personality -not very effective in predicting behavior
🗑
|
||||
| What is one way to measure personality? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Projective tests | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | -extraverts are less arousable -neuroticism may be related to the sensitivity of emotional parts of the brain -underarousal of nervous system may be related to risk taking or criminal behavior
🗑
|
||||
| show | Normal awareness, Everyday thoughts
🗑
|
||||
| Preconscious mind | show 🗑
|
||||
| Unconscious mind | show 🗑
|
||||
| Free Association | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | unconsciously strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives operating on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification. Is present at birth. Home to sexual and aggressive drive. Governed by the pleasure principle
🗑
|
||||
| show | Wanting immediate gratification of needs
🗑
|
||||
| show | provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations. This develops in childhood. Home to morality and conscience. Governed by the ego ideal.
🗑
|
||||
| Ego Ideal | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Largely conscious, ego functions as the “executive” and mediates the demands of id and superego. This develops in childhood (before superego). Acts as a referee between id and superego. Governed by the reality principle
🗑
|
||||
| show | Assess what is realistically possible in the world
🗑
|
||||
| show | Oral stage (birth to 1½ years), Anal stage (1½ to 3 years), Phallic stage (3 to 6 years): Castration anxiety & Oedipus complex, Latency period (6 to puberty), Genital stage (puberty onward).
🗑
|
||||
| Oral Stage | show 🗑
|
||||
| Anal Stage | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pleasures come from the clitoris and penis, Gratification from masturbation, Developmental Task: successful identification with same sex parent
🗑
|
||||
| Oedipus Complex | show 🗑
|
||||
| Electra Complex | show 🗑
|
||||
| Latency Period | show 🗑
|
||||
| Genital Stage | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Woman who disagreed with Freud, Believed there was no penis envy but in reality there was Privilege Envy; Women wanted the privileges of men not a penis
🗑
|
||||
| Unconscious attempts to silence the id | show 🗑
|
||||
| Displacement | show 🗑
|
||||
| Regression | show 🗑
|
||||
| Projection | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions
🗑
|
||||
| Reaction formation | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Not scientific; hard to test, Too broad; hard to falsify claims, Based on limited sample; Female patients, Upper class, 19th-century Vienna
🗑
|
||||
| Humanist Theories | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Believed in Client centered Therapy; focuses on client's individual growth
🗑
|
||||
| Self Concept | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Self-actualization theory. Hierarchy of needs; The healthy personality
🗑
|
||||
| show | You are what you expect—Affected by people’s thoughts. Locus of control.Source of perceived control over events; Internal: Feel responsible for what happens to you (or) External: Outside forces are responsible
🗑
|
||||
| First born or only child | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Independent
🗑
|
||||
| Later-born | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | More empathic, More neurotic, Greater social connectedness
🗑
|
||||
| Male Personality | show 🗑
|
||||
| Collectivism | show 🗑
|
||||
| Individualism | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | How long memories last
🗑
|
||||
| Memory Capacity | show 🗑
|
||||
| Encoding | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The process of retaining info in memory.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The process of digging info out of memory.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Memorizing requires effort, like learning a concept from a text. Such processing leads to durable and accessible memories.
🗑
|
||||
| Hermann Ebbinghaus | show 🗑
|
||||
| Forms of Sensory Memory | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Very short duration (less than 1 second), Large capacity, Lingering activation in perceptual areas of the brain, Happens automatically, without effort, via bottom up processing-processing initiated by a stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| show | Short duration (a few seconds), Small capacity (7+2 items, but some research says 4), Useful for Remembering telephone numbers, Language use, Getting information to long-term memory
🗑
|
||||
| Strategies to extend Short-term Memory | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | By combining items into meaningful “chunks,” we use fewer slots of STM.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Silent repetition keeps STM refreshed, Works until you are interrupted, Rehearse enough, and STM moves to LTM
🗑
|
||||
| Long-Term Memory | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Explicit Memory. Implicit memory
🗑
|
||||
| Explicit Memory | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Explicit memory (declarative memories), Conscious awareness; easy to verbalize, Includes semantic and episodic. Implicit memory (nondeclarative memories), No conscious awareness; hard to verbalize, Includes skills or habits (how to ride a bike)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Result of having just performed a task that makes it easier to perform the same or an associated task more easily in the future. To retrieve a specific memory from the web of associations, you first need to activate one of the strands that lead to it.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Semantic involves Word meanings (a cat is an animal), Concepts (cats land on their feet), General facts (my cat is named Kermit). Episodic involves Events that occurred to you (adopting a cat), Include context (when, where).
🗑
|
||||
| Working memory | show 🗑
|
||||
| Capacity | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Heightened emotions (stress related or otherwise) make for stronger memories. Continued stress can disrupt memory.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Gene “snipped away” disabling gene in mouse, Showed different genes for different memory types,
🗑
|
||||
| show | Identified genes used for memory, Apo E gene related to memory and Alzheimer’s
🗑
|
||||
| show | The strengthening of memories
🗑
|
||||
| show | Memories that is stored into a new structure and no longer requires ongoing activity to be maintained
🗑
|
||||
| Depth of Processing | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | based on sensory characteristics
🗑
|
||||
| show | based on meaning (more likely to remember)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Info that is organized and integrated into what the person already knows, We can encode new information in simple or elaborate ways
🗑
|
||||
| show | repeating information
🗑
|
||||
| Elaborative encoding | show 🗑
|
||||
| Flashbulb Memories | show 🗑
|
||||
| Recall | show 🗑
|
||||
| Recognition | show 🗑
|
||||
| Cues | show 🗑
|
||||
| State Dependent Retrieval | show 🗑
|
||||
| False Memories | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Neural center in the limbic system that processes explicit memories.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Memories fade away over time
🗑
|
||||
| Retroactive | show 🗑
|
||||
| Proactive | show 🗑
|
||||
| Encoding failure | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | People unknowingly revise their memories.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness.
🗑
|
||||
| Amnesia | show 🗑
|
||||
| Retrograde amnesia | show 🗑
|
||||
| Anterograde amnesia | show 🗑
|
||||
| Repressed Memories | show 🗑
|
||||
| Mnemonic devices | show 🗑
|
||||
| Method of loci | show 🗑
|
||||
| Pegword system | show 🗑
|
||||
| Psychological Disorder | show 🗑
|
||||
| Three factors of Psychological Disorders | show 🗑
|
||||
| Distress | show 🗑
|
||||
| Disability | show 🗑
|
||||
| Danger | show 🗑
|
||||
| Psychosis | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hallucination | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Entrenched false beliefs.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Upon hearing the symptoms of a disorder, the tendency for people to believe that they or someone they know shares those symptoms. Only a trained professional can diagnose a psychological disorder.
🗑
|
||||
| Greeks explanation of abnormality | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | delusion and hallucinations(According to the Greeks)
🗑
|
||||
| Phlegm | show 🗑
|
||||
| Blood | show 🗑
|
||||
| Black bile | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Was the work of the devil (According to the Greeks)
🗑
|
||||
| Biopsychological Model | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | For a given disorder there is both a predisposition to the disorder…diathesis, AND specific factors… Stress. They, with environmental triggers, combine to trigger the disorder. Stress is particular to each individual.
🗑
|
||||
| Diathesis involves | show 🗑
|
||||
| Stress involves | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning(Rewarded or punished for certain behaviors), Observational Learning (Grow up watching mom worry or dad angry)
🗑
|
||||
| The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Axis I: clinical disorders, Axis II: personality disorders and mental retardation, Axis III: general medical conditions, Axis IV: psychosocial and environmental problems, Axis V: global assessment of functioning.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Conditions marked by persistent or episodic disturbances in emotion that interfere with normal functioning in at least one realm of life.
🗑
|
||||
| Major depressive disorder(MDD) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Characteristics of MDD | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Affect (mood), Behavior (tacticians), Cognitions (thoughts)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Not all cultures share the same symptom list. Zimbabwe (as well as some Latin and Mediterranean cultures) depression is marked by headaches. Asian culture report weakness and sense of imbalance.
🗑
|
||||
| Misconceptions of suicide | show 🗑
|
||||
| Dysthymic Disorder | show 🗑
|
||||
| Those suffering from Dysthymic Disorder suffer 2/more of following | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mood disorder marked by one or more manic episode, often altering with periods of depression
🗑
|
||||
| Types of Mania | show 🗑
|
||||
| Manic episode | show 🗑
|
||||
| Prodromal phase | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Often cycles with depression, Usually take place over a number of years, Some rapid cycle with four or more mood shifts a year, If left untreated the mood swings cycle quicken over time
🗑
|
||||
| How mood disorders affect the brain | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Those with depression Make more negative comments, less eye contact, less responsive, Speak softer, Use shorter sentences, Way of explaining life events, Blame external or internal factors.
🗑
|
||||
| show | person who was founder of depression lab
🗑
|
||||
| What did Beck Discover | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Depression goes up when there is less social reinforcement and less contact with others, Lack of positive reinforcement ups risk for depression
🗑
|
||||
| show | extreme fear or extreme agitation(anxiety), People with anxiety disorders experience intense or pervasive anxiety or fear, Experience extreme attempts to avoid these feelings, Anxiety is not consistently related to a specific object or situation
🗑
|
||||
| Panic | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Episodes on intense fear or discomfort accompanied by symptoms such as: Palpitations, Breathing difficulties, Chest pain, Nausea, Sweating, Dizziness, Fear of going crazy or doing something uncomfortable.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Exaggerated fear of an object, class of objects, or particular situations accompanied by avoidance that is extreme enough to interfere with everyday life. Avoiding the stimulus the sufferer avoids the fear and the anxiety.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fear of public embarrassment or humiliation and the avoidance of social situations likely to arouse fear
🗑
|
||||
| show | Fear of or avoiding of places that may be difficult to leave should panic symptoms occur, Fear of leaving the home.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Recurrent or persistent thoughts, impulses, images, that feel intrusive and inappropriate and are difficult to suppress or ignore
🗑
|
||||
| Compulsion | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Anxiety Disorder that occurs as a consequence of a traumatic event such as war, physical or sexual abuse, rape, terrorism, or natural disasters
🗑
|
||||
| PTSD Diagnosis made with 3 conditions | show 🗑
|
||||
| PTSD symptoms | show 🗑
|
||||
| Schizophrenia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Involve an excess or distortion of normal functions. They are called positive not because they are desirable but because they are PRESENT
🗑
|
||||
| Positive symptoms | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Involve a diminution or loss of normal functions
🗑
|
||||
| show | A general failure to express or respond to emotion(Flat affect), Brief, slow, empty replies to question(Alogia), An inability to initiate or persist in goal directed behavior (Avolition)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Symptoms occur gradually, Prodromal phase is characterized by slow deterioration in functioning, Eventually symptoms reach active phase and full blown + and/or – symptoms arise
🗑
|
||||
| Four subtypes (symptom clusters) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Delusions of persecution are prominent, intellectual functioning and affect are intact, auditory hallucinations are common
🗑
|
||||
| show | Disorganized speech, word salad, disorganized behavior, flat affect, inappropriate affect
🗑
|
||||
| Catatonic | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Symptoms do not fall in any of the above categories
🗑
|
||||
| show | Serve disturbances in eating behavior, Preoccupations with food and/or weight.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Potentially fatal disorder characterized by the refusal to maintain even a low normal eight
🗑
|
||||
| show | Distortions of body weight/size, Intense fear of becoming fat, Refusal to maintain a healthy weight, Among females, amenorrhea-cessation of menstruation, Obsessions with food—irrational and illogical
🗑
|
||||
| Bulimia Nervosa | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Previous experiences aid in the performance of a task without conscious awareness of these previous experiences.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
bja34
Popular Psychology sets