Learning & Memory
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Habituation | Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. Allows the children to learn - focus on new stimuli
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| Example of Habituation | Baby is shown the same photo 5 times. Each time, her attention is grabbed less and less.
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| Classical Conditioning | Repeated pairings of stimuli and their responses.
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| Example of classical conditioning | Little Albert. Child is shown a white rabbit (US) which is paired with a loud sound (NS). Child learns to fear the rabbit.
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| Operant conditioning | Learning behavior through ourselves and consequences. (as early as 2 months old)
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| Example of operant conditioning | Childs foot is attached to crib mobile. As he moves his foot, the mobile moves and he learns that motion.
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| Statistical learning | Infants are sensitive to statistically predictive patterns.
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| Example of statistical learning | Infants understand the probability of one object showing up after another ( 2 months)
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| Observational Learning | Mimic behavior without reward
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| Types of imitation - direct | Immediate
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| Types of imitation - differed | Not immediate
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| Ferberization | Train baby to not expect parent every time it cries
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| Garcia Effect | A rat would associate a taste, but not a light or sound, with illness. In contrast, pain could be associated only with a visual or auditory cue, not a taste. Food aversions
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| Infantile Amnesia | no memory from before 3 years old
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| Explanation of Infantile Amnesia 1 | Repressing traumatic events such as breast-feeding or diapers
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| Explanation of Infantile Amnesia 2 | Mylenization of neural tissue leads to poor information processing.
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