Emotion
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Emotional reciprocity | show 🗑
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| show | Acknowledgment of someone else's feelings & addressing compassion
Emotion's rely on concept of self
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| show | Human emotions based on limited sets of basic emotions that are species-universal. Emotions don't have to be learned. Direct link between feelings & facial expressions. Indicate internal feelings: help others predict our behavior.
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| show | Both apes & babies show same emotions and facial expressions
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| show | Beginning around 6 months. Children can avert eye gaze to reduce stress. Infants start to self-regulate, self-soothe, repetitive rubbing and stroking of bodies. Self distraction by gazing at neutral/ positive objects. Self-soothing at 1-2 years. Greater c
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| Delay of gratification | show 🗑
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| Delay of gratification: individual differences | show 🗑
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| Stability of temperament over time | show 🗑
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| show | Recorded infants use of mom as a secure base & how infants acted to separation from mom. Shows quality of attachment.
Results: Child put through series of separations & reunions with caregiver
Younger children gets more upset when child is gone
Older c
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| show | 5 month old infant watched their mother expressing great affection to either another infant or to an adult.
Results: 50% show distress when affection expressed to other infants. Only 10% show distress when expressed to adults
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| show | Tendency to catch and feel emotions that are similar to and associated with those of others
Empathy & sympathy
Infants: contagious crying in newborns onward
Children: contagious yawning at 4 years correlated with empathy and social awareness
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| Coy smile | show 🗑
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| show | Start to feel embarrassment by 15-24 months when made center of attention
Coy smile
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| Guilt and Shame Experiment | show 🗑
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| What is emotion? | show 🗑
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| show | Motivate action (w/0 emotions we wouldn't act) and need emotion to motivate us to do anything, promote survival, communicate our feelings, negative emotions help you avoid harmful things. Positive emotions help you approach things that are good for you.
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| FACS (facial action coding system) | show 🗑
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| Cross-cultural studies emotion | show 🗑
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| Discrete emotions theory (Izard) | show 🗑
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| show | Early emotions are not distinct
Environment plays role in changing primitive emotions into more complex forms.
Fear starts as pain reaction-> just general unhappiness gets more specific with age
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| Basic emotions & age when they are identifiable: Self-conscious emotions | show 🗑
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| show | Newborns: present but hard to differentiate (pain, fear, sadness, anger)
2 months: expressions from anger & sadness can be distinguished from distress & pain
Easy to differentiate by 12 months
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| show | Smiling: 1st month smiling is happening but limited. babies smile prenatally. Social smiling in response to others. Happiness: 2nd month: smile when babies control event. 7th month: smile more at familiar people.
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| Self-regulation | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Relying on others
2. Use of cognitive strategies to control negative emotions
3. Being able to select the right regulating strategy
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| Behavioral vs cognitive self-regulating strategies | show 🗑
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| Somerville Study | show 🗑
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| Marshmallow Task | show 🗑
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| show | NY Longitudinal Study
Interview parents repeatedly about in depth infant specific behaviors.
3 Major Groups:
Easy babies (40%): didn't easily get upset, easily soothed
Difficult babies (10%): upset easily, hard to calm down
Slow to warm up (15%): at
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| Temperament | show 🗑
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| show | Adjustment depends on how one's temperament fits into their own environment. Parents socialization practices can affect child's temperament & vice versa. Certain babies might not grow up in right environment they need to thrive & the temperament doesn't m
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| Social Referencing | show 🗑
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