antepartum-physiological changes of pregnancy ati u1c3
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| presumptive signs of pregnancy | changes experienced by the woman that make her think that she might be pregnant. Can be subjective symptoms or objective signs
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| probable signs of pregnancy | changes observed by an examiner that makes them suspect woman is pregnant. changes are primarily related to physical changes of the uterus.
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| positive signs of pregnancy | signs that can only be explained by pregnancy
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| mcdonald's method | measure uterine fundal height in cm from symphysis pubis to the top of the uterine fundus (betwen 18-30 weeks gestation). Gestational age is estimated to be equal to fundal height.
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| renal changes during pregnancy | filtration rate increases second to pregnancy hormones and inc in blood volume and metabolic demands. urinary frequency is common.
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| endocrine changes during pregnancy | placenta becomes endocrine organ produces hCG, progesteron/estrogen, hPL and prostaglandins.
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| peak levels of hCG after implantation occur... | 60-70 days of gestation
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| hCG levels decrease after reaching their peak levels until... | 140 days of pregnancy, then gradually inc until term
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| higher levels of hCG can indicate what problems | multifetal pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole (gestational trophoblastic disease) or a genetic abnormality such as down syndrome.
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| medication effect on pregnancy tests | anticonvulsants, diuretics, tranquilizers can cause inaccurate results.
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| blood pressure change in second trimester | 5 to 10 m Hg lower for both diastolic and systolic
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| at 20 weeks gestation blood pressure ... | is back to prepregnancy baseline range
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| dark line of pigmentation from umbilicus extending to pubic area | linea nigra
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