Pathophysiology
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| Nucleus | the largest membrane bound organelle
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| Cytosol/cytoplasm | = (cytoplasmic matrix) an aquesous solution that fills the space between the nucleuos and the plasma membrane
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| Organelles | suspended into cytoplasm and are enclosed in biological membranes
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| Endoplasmic recticulum | network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend to the outer nuclear membrane
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| Golgi complex | network of smooth membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus
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| Lysosomes | = sac like structures that originate from the Giolgi Complex and contain digestive enzymes
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| Mitochondria | contain the metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism.
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| Cytoskeleton= | “bone and Muscle of the cell”
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| Plasma membrane | encloses the cell by controlling the movement of substances a crossed it, exerts a powerful influence on metabolic pathways
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| cellular receptors | protein molecules on the plasma membrane in the cytoplasm, or in the nucleus that are capable of recognizing and binding smaller molecules called ligands
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| Fluid plasma membrane | enables it to vary the # of receptors on its surface. Therefore the cell is capable of hiding from injurious agents by altering receptor # pattern ( helps prevent us form getting cancer)
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| Diffusion | Movement of solute from a higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (cells do this to get away from sodium).
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| Hydrostatic Pressure | mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes (B/p, systolic; pushes stuff out
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| Osmotic Pressure | amount of hydrostatic pressure required to oppose the osmotic movement of water.
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| Pinocytosis | type of endocytosis in which fluids and solute of molecules are ingested through formation of small vesicles
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| Phagocytosis | type of endocytosis in which large particle, such an s bacteria, are ingested through formation of large vesicles, called vacuoles.
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| Electrically Polarized | all body cells are electrically polarized with the inside of the cell more negatively charged than the outside
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| Active Transport | Requires Energy (ATP)
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| Passive transport | Does not require Energy, Driven by physical effects i.e. osmosis, hydrostatic pressure and diffusion.
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| where is the nucleus found and what are it functions | in the cells center, functions for cell division, and control of genetic information
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| What is the function of the Enplasmic Recticulum | to synthesize and transport protien and lipid components os most organelles
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| what is the function of the Golgi complex | processing and packaging proteins into secretory vessels
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| what are the functions of Lysosomes | the digestive enzymes digest most celllular substances down to their basic form such as amino acids, fatty acids and sugars
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| where is ATP found | the mitochondria
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| what is the plasma membrane composed of | bilayer of lipids and cholesterol which gives the mebrane its structural integrity
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| what are the functions of the plasma membrane | recognition by protein receotors and transport of substances into and out of the cell
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