PATHO TEST 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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Consists of the brain and spinal cord | show 🗑
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show | Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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Neurons that carry signal towards the CNS | show 🗑
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show | Efferent neurons
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show | Somatic
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show | Autonomic
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show | Pia mater
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show | Arachnoid membrane
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Tough outermost covering | show 🗑
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show | neuron
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What is the axon insulated by? | show 🗑
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what is the conduction route? | show 🗑
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show | how impulses travel through
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show | MRI
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the loss of the ability to speak, write, and/or comprehend the written or spoken word | show 🗑
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lowered level of consciousness | show 🗑
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painful condition of the nerves | show 🗑
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paralysis on one side of the body | show 🗑
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show | hemiparesis
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difficulty speaking | show 🗑
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altered state of consciousness after an epileptic seizure | show 🗑
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protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord | show 🗑
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nerve cells | show 🗑
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a concentration of nerve cell bodies | show 🗑
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show | white matter
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show | Meningitis
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show | bacterial
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show | Encephalitis
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show | Glioma
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Type of glioma that is the most common (70%); also is slow growing | show 🗑
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Type of glioma that arises from the 4th ventricle in children & lateral ventricles in adults which originates from ventricle or spine cord lining | show 🗑
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Type of glioma that is a slow growing lesion that arise in the cerebrum; originates from cells that produce myelin | show 🗑
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A common type of a rapidly growing pineal tumors include germinomas and ______ which is a hypodense mass with internal calcifications; occurs in males younger than 25 | show 🗑
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Caused by acute ARTERIAL bleeding and most commonly form over the parieto-temporal convexity (blood between dura mater and skull) | show 🗑
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show | subdural hematoma
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show | subarachnoid hemorrhage
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show | stroke syndrome
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show | 2-3 hours
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show | Transient Ischemic Stroke (TIA)
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show | rupture of a berry aneurysm
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show | Alzheimer's Disease
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Atrophy of caudate nucleus and putamen; inherited condition that predominately involves men & appears in the early to middle adult years as dementia & continuous involuntary rapid, jerky movements | show 🗑
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A progressive degenerative disease (of basal ganglia) characterized by stooped posture, stiffness, & slowness, fixed facial expression & involuntary rhythmic tremor of the limbs that disappears with voluntary movement; usually occur in those 40 and older | show 🗑
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Which 2 famous people had Parkinson's? | show 🗑
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show | cerebellar atrophy
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A relentlessly progressive condition of unknown cause with widespread selective atrophy and loss of motor nerve cells leading to extensive paralysis & death from respiratory weakness or aspiration pneumonia | show 🗑
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What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis commonly known as? | show 🗑
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show | Hydrocephalus
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show | shunt placement
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show | Stephen Hawking & Lou Gehrig
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show | lasting neurologic deficits
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mucosal thickening most commonly in the paranasal sinuses (maxillary) | show 🗑
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show | pituitary adenomas
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T/F Craniopharyngiomas are benign tumors that contain both cystic and solid components and usually occur in patients younger that 30 years of age. | show 🗑
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show | true
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show | endocrine system
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low or inadequate amount | show 🗑
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high or excess amount | show 🗑
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enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by increase in the reproduction rate of its cells | show 🗑
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show | acromegaly
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excess growth or height in children | show 🗑
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high blood sugar levels | show 🗑
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show | cortisol, aldosterone, & androgens
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show | cortisol
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Helps control BP | show 🗑
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sex hormones | show 🗑
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show | epinephrine & norepinephrine
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aka adrenaline; regulates cardiac and glucose | show 🗑
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regulates cardiac, glucose, & muscle contraction | show 🗑
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show | Cushing's syndrome
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show | obesity, moon-shaped face, buffalo hump, fatigue, bone loss, & increased urination (usually 20+)
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show | Adrenogenital Syndrome
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show | Pheochromocytoma
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show | Neuroblastoma
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show | pituitary gland
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show | pituitary gland
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Which lobe of the pituitary gland secretes ACTH, FSH, GH, LH, Prolactin (milk production), TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) | show 🗑
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Which lobe of the pituitary gland secretes ADH & oxytocin (for muscle contractions? | show 🗑
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A condition due to the primary hypersecretion of pituitary hormones causing gigantism & acromegaly | show 🗑
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show | Diabetes Insipidus
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Large ductless gland in the neck that secretes hormones regulating growth & development through the rate of metabolism (produces T3 & T4) | show 🗑
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Commonly develops as a result of iodine deficiency or inflammation of the thyroid gland; not all cause symptoms such as swelling and cough | show 🗑
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show | Thyroid Adenoma
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show | Parathyroid glands
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show | Diabetes Mellitus
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show | Juvenile
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Develops later in life & can be controlled by diet alone | show 🗑
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T/F The pituitary gland secretes several different types of steroid hormones including: mineralocorticoids, androgens, glucocorticoids. | show 🗑
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show | neuroblastoma
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show | glucocorticoid
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All of the following are diseases of the adrenal cortex: | show 🗑
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show | surgical resection, hormone replacement therapy, & chemotherapy
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The best imaging modality/ exam for demonstrating both functioning and nonfunctioning thyroid tissue is? | show 🗑
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show | goiter
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What are the 5 functions of bones? | show 🗑
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Disruption of bone caused by mechanical forces applied either directly to the bone or transmitted along the shaft of the bone | show 🗑
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show | joint effusion, soft tissue swelling, & interruption of bony trabeculae
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A fracture that results in discontinuity between 2 or more fragments | show 🗑
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Partial discontinuity with a portion of the cortex remaining | show 🗑
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show | closed Fx
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Overlying skin is disrupted | show 🗑
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show | Transverse Fx
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runs approximately 45 degrees to the long axis of the bone | show 🗑
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Encircles the shaft, generally longer than an oblique fracture; caused by a twisting motion | show 🗑
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show | Avulsion Fx
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show | Comminuted Fx
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show | Butterfly Fx
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show | Segmental Fx
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show | Compression Fx
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A portion of bone displaced inward on skull or tibial plateau | show 🗑
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show | Stressed/fatigue Fx
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show | Pathologic Fx
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Incomplete fracture with the opposite cortex intact | show 🗑
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show | Torus/Buckle
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show | Bowing
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show | Undisplaced/non-displaced
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Separation of bone fragments | show 🗑
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Angular deformity between the axes of the major fragments | show 🗑
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Displacement of a bone that is no longer in contact with its normal articulation | show 🗑
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show | Subluxation
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How many views are needed and at what degree difference for trauma? | show 🗑
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Healing of fracture fragments in a faulty position | show 🗑
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show | Delayed union
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show | Nonunion
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show | skeletal survey
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wrist fracture from fall on outstretched hand | show 🗑
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show | Navicular/Scaphoid Fx
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fracture to 5th metacarpal usually from resulting blow of fist | show 🗑
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transverse fracture at the base of the 5th metatarsal; caused by stepping off curb or falling while walking stairs | show 🗑
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T/F Most shoulder dislocations are anterior. | show 🗑
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show | True (80%-90%)
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fracture & displacement of the ring of atlas, fracture of dens | show 🗑
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show | Hangman's Fx
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show | Protrusion/Herniation
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Twisting & curvature in the lateral perspective of the spine (S curves, more than 20 degrees) | show 🗑
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Problem with scoliosis outside the spine (leg lenght) | show 🗑
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show | neuromuscular scoliosis
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show | Spondylosis & Spondylothesis
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This position shows spondylolisthesis demonstrate the lucent cleft in the pars interarticularis | show 🗑
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This position demonstrates spondylolysis which appears as a fractured scotty dog neck | show 🗑
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A posterior defect of the spinal canal, resulting from failure of the posterior elements to fuse properly | show 🗑
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Mild/insignificant form of spina bifida; splitting of bony canal at L5-S1/tuft of hair) | show 🗑
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show | Meningocele
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Type of spina bifida with large defects with herniation of meninges and a portion of spinal cord & nerve roots | show 🗑
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aka marble bone; a rare hereditary bone dysplasia that prevents bone marrow from forming; bones become very brittle and stress fractures occur often | show 🗑
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show | Osteogenesis Imperfecta
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show | bizarre deformities (may mimic child abuse) & lower kVp due to bone loss
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How is Osteomalacia and rickets treated? | show 🗑
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This disease is the most common chronic metabolic disease of the skeleton & has a cotton wool appearance on radiograph | show 🗑
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show | Osteogenic Sarcoma
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show | Chondrosarcoma
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Primary malignant tumor arising in the bone marrow of long bones; tumor cells invade cortical bone & spread to soft tissue | show 🗑
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show | Multiple Myeloma
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show | multiple myeloma
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show | blowout fracture
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Radiographic appearance of a snowman? | show 🗑
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Infection causing a collection of pus between the dura & arachnoid | show 🗑
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show | brain abscess
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show | encephalitis, localization, enlargements, & rupture (terminal)
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Infectious process above the dura & beneath the inner skull table | show 🗑
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What is used to treat most CNS infections? | show 🗑
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An infection of the bone or bone marrow, typically caused by bacteria or sometimes fungus | show 🗑
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show | True
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To demonstrate a herniation of an intervertebral disk a ____________ study is recommended. | show 🗑
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show | Elbow
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The most common injury to the foot is a transverse fracture at the base of the fifth metatarsal called a ___________ fracture | show 🗑
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show | hormone changes
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show | False
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Most common reason why we x-ray: | show 🗑
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show | dendrites
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show | thyroid carcinomas
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show | Papillary
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show | Follicular
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show | Medullary
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An example of a malignant bone tumor is: | show 🗑
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show | Haemophilus
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show | Intracranial hemorrhage
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Thickening of heel pads is a radiographic finding in patients diagnosed with: | show 🗑
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Common stroke symptoms include: | show 🗑
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The most common complication & leading cause of death in diabetic patients is: | show 🗑
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