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PATHO TEST 2

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Consists of the brain and spinal cord   show
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show Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)  
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Neurons that carry signal towards the CNS   show
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show Efferent neurons  
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show Somatic  
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show Autonomic  
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show Pia mater  
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show Arachnoid membrane  
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Tough outermost covering   show
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show neuron  
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What is the axon insulated by?   show
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what is the conduction route?   show
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show how impulses travel through  
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show MRI  
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the loss of the ability to speak, write, and/or comprehend the written or spoken word   show
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lowered level of consciousness   show
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painful condition of the nerves   show
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paralysis on one side of the body   show
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show hemiparesis  
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difficulty speaking   show
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altered state of consciousness after an epileptic seizure   show
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protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord   show
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nerve cells   show
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a concentration of nerve cell bodies   show
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show white matter  
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show Meningitis  
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show bacterial  
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show Encephalitis  
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show Glioma  
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Type of glioma that is the most common (70%); also is slow growing   show
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Type of glioma that arises from the 4th ventricle in children & lateral ventricles in adults which originates from ventricle or spine cord lining   show
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Type of glioma that is a slow growing lesion that arise in the cerebrum; originates from cells that produce myelin   show
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A common type of a rapidly growing pineal tumors include germinomas and ______ which is a hypodense mass with internal calcifications; occurs in males younger than 25   show
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Caused by acute ARTERIAL bleeding and most commonly form over the parieto-temporal convexity (blood between dura mater and skull)   show
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show subdural hematoma  
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show subarachnoid hemorrhage  
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show stroke syndrome  
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show 2-3 hours  
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show Transient Ischemic Stroke (TIA)  
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show rupture of a berry aneurysm  
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show Alzheimer's Disease  
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Atrophy of caudate nucleus and putamen; inherited condition that predominately involves men & appears in the early to middle adult years as dementia & continuous involuntary rapid, jerky movements   show
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A progressive degenerative disease (of basal ganglia) characterized by stooped posture, stiffness, & slowness, fixed facial expression & involuntary rhythmic tremor of the limbs that disappears with voluntary movement; usually occur in those 40 and older   show
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Which 2 famous people had Parkinson's?   show
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show cerebellar atrophy  
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A relentlessly progressive condition of unknown cause with widespread selective atrophy and loss of motor nerve cells leading to extensive paralysis & death from respiratory weakness or aspiration pneumonia   show
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What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis commonly known as?   show
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show Hydrocephalus  
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show shunt placement  
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show Stephen Hawking & Lou Gehrig  
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show lasting neurologic deficits  
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mucosal thickening most commonly in the paranasal sinuses (maxillary)   show
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show pituitary adenomas  
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T/F Craniopharyngiomas are benign tumors that contain both cystic and solid components and usually occur in patients younger that 30 years of age.   show
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show true  
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show endocrine system  
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low or inadequate amount   show
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high or excess amount   show
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enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by increase in the reproduction rate of its cells   show
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show acromegaly  
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excess growth or height in children   show
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high blood sugar levels   show
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show cortisol, aldosterone, & androgens  
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show cortisol  
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Helps control BP   show
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sex hormones   show
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show epinephrine & norepinephrine  
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aka adrenaline; regulates cardiac and glucose   show
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regulates cardiac, glucose, & muscle contraction   show
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show Cushing's syndrome  
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show obesity, moon-shaped face, buffalo hump, fatigue, bone loss, & increased urination (usually 20+)  
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show Adrenogenital Syndrome  
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show Pheochromocytoma  
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show Neuroblastoma  
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show pituitary gland  
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show pituitary gland  
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Which lobe of the pituitary gland secretes ACTH, FSH, GH, LH, Prolactin (milk production), TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)   show
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Which lobe of the pituitary gland secretes ADH & oxytocin (for muscle contractions?   show
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A condition due to the primary hypersecretion of pituitary hormones causing gigantism & acromegaly   show
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show Diabetes Insipidus  
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Large ductless gland in the neck that secretes hormones regulating growth & development through the rate of metabolism (produces T3 & T4)   show
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Commonly develops as a result of iodine deficiency or inflammation of the thyroid gland; not all cause symptoms such as swelling and cough   show
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show Thyroid Adenoma  
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show Parathyroid glands  
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show Diabetes Mellitus  
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show Juvenile  
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Develops later in life & can be controlled by diet alone   show
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T/F The pituitary gland secretes several different types of steroid hormones including: mineralocorticoids, androgens, glucocorticoids.   show
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show neuroblastoma  
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show glucocorticoid  
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All of the following are diseases of the adrenal cortex:   show
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show surgical resection, hormone replacement therapy, & chemotherapy  
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The best imaging modality/ exam for demonstrating both functioning and nonfunctioning thyroid tissue is?   show
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show goiter  
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What are the 5 functions of bones?   show
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Disruption of bone caused by mechanical forces applied either directly to the bone or transmitted along the shaft of the bone   show
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show joint effusion, soft tissue swelling, & interruption of bony trabeculae  
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A fracture that results in discontinuity between 2 or more fragments   show
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Partial discontinuity with a portion of the cortex remaining   show
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show closed Fx  
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Overlying skin is disrupted   show
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show Transverse Fx  
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runs approximately 45 degrees to the long axis of the bone   show
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Encircles the shaft, generally longer than an oblique fracture; caused by a twisting motion   show
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show Avulsion Fx  
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show Comminuted Fx  
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show Butterfly Fx  
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show Segmental Fx  
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show Compression Fx  
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A portion of bone displaced inward on skull or tibial plateau   show
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show Stressed/fatigue Fx  
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show Pathologic Fx  
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Incomplete fracture with the opposite cortex intact   show
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show Torus/Buckle  
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show Bowing  
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show Undisplaced/non-displaced  
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Separation of bone fragments   show
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Angular deformity between the axes of the major fragments   show
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Displacement of a bone that is no longer in contact with its normal articulation   show
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show Subluxation  
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How many views are needed and at what degree difference for trauma?   show
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Healing of fracture fragments in a faulty position   show
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show Delayed union  
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show Nonunion  
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show skeletal survey  
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wrist fracture from fall on outstretched hand   show
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show Navicular/Scaphoid Fx  
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fracture to 5th metacarpal usually from resulting blow of fist   show
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transverse fracture at the base of the 5th metatarsal; caused by stepping off curb or falling while walking stairs   show
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T/F Most shoulder dislocations are anterior.   show
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show True (80%-90%)  
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fracture & displacement of the ring of atlas, fracture of dens   show
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show Hangman's Fx  
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show Protrusion/Herniation  
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Twisting & curvature in the lateral perspective of the spine (S curves, more than 20 degrees)   show
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Problem with scoliosis outside the spine (leg lenght)   show
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show neuromuscular scoliosis  
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show Spondylosis & Spondylothesis  
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This position shows spondylolisthesis demonstrate the lucent cleft in the pars interarticularis   show
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This position demonstrates spondylolysis which appears as a fractured scotty dog neck   show
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A posterior defect of the spinal canal, resulting from failure of the posterior elements to fuse properly   show
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Mild/insignificant form of spina bifida; splitting of bony canal at L5-S1/tuft of hair)   show
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show Meningocele  
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Type of spina bifida with large defects with herniation of meninges and a portion of spinal cord & nerve roots   show
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aka marble bone; a rare hereditary bone dysplasia that prevents bone marrow from forming; bones become very brittle and stress fractures occur often   show
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show Osteogenesis Imperfecta  
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show bizarre deformities (may mimic child abuse) & lower kVp due to bone loss  
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How is Osteomalacia and rickets treated?   show
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This disease is the most common chronic metabolic disease of the skeleton & has a cotton wool appearance on radiograph   show
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show Osteogenic Sarcoma  
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show Chondrosarcoma  
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Primary malignant tumor arising in the bone marrow of long bones; tumor cells invade cortical bone & spread to soft tissue   show
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show Multiple Myeloma  
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show multiple myeloma  
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show blowout fracture  
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Radiographic appearance of a snowman?   show
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Infection causing a collection of pus between the dura & arachnoid   show
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show brain abscess  
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show encephalitis, localization, enlargements, & rupture (terminal)  
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Infectious process above the dura & beneath the inner skull table   show
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What is used to treat most CNS infections?   show
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An infection of the bone or bone marrow, typically caused by bacteria or sometimes fungus   show
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show True  
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To demonstrate a herniation of an intervertebral disk a ____________ study is recommended.   show
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show Elbow  
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The most common injury to the foot is a transverse fracture at the base of the fifth metatarsal called a ___________ fracture   show
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show hormone changes  
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show False  
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Most common reason why we x-ray:   show
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show dendrites  
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show thyroid carcinomas  
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show Papillary  
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show Follicular  
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show Medullary  
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An example of a malignant bone tumor is:   show
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show Haemophilus  
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show Intracranial hemorrhage  
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Thickening of heel pads is a radiographic finding in patients diagnosed with:   show
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Common stroke symptoms include:   show
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The most common complication & leading cause of death in diabetic patients is:   show
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