Chapters 1, 2, and 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What did Milgram’s obedience study show about the power of the situation? | show 🗑
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| show | It helps explain why certain circumstances that appear unimportant on the surface can have great consequences for behavior, either facilitating in or blocking
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| how do automatic and controlled tasks differ? | show 🗑
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| show | Can react without thinking, it is generally fast and based on instinct, and it does not require conscious processes.
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| show | Repeated practice can make some controlled task automatic like walking, talking, writing, driving, speech patterns. Tasks behavior becomes predictable.
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| what is construal? | show 🗑
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| how is construal related to experience? | show 🗑
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| show | Schemas helps us to understand how to react in certain situations and stereotypes helps rule out any other possibilities of what we assume. It can be accessed automatically.
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| show | influence the way we construe situations. Social norms
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| show | It influences the way we construe situations
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| Humans are cognitive misers—what does this mean? | show 🗑
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| What is meant by “human universal”? | show 🗑
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| . Do humans share any traits with other primates? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. we live in groups
2. we develop language
3. we develop gender roles
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| show | The prefrontal cortex is involved in decision making and where we process complex thoughts and emotions. It provided a window into development of social behavior by tracing physical changes in the brain.
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| Why do we say humans are cultural animals, not just social animals? | show 🗑
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| show | Rules and standards understood by members of a group.
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| how do independent and interdependent societies differ in their emphasis on the individual vs. the group? | show 🗑
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| show | Independent is autonomous so personal uniqueness is expected as it is a big part in independent societies. Interdependent societies are all about connection so personal uniqueness will focus more on adapting to relationships, social roles, and groups.
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| show | To describe, make predictions, and explain.
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| show | Because of our personal observations may be inaccurate to what may take place.
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| show | They are predictions about what will happen under particular circumstances
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| show | They are the predictions that can be measured with support of empirical data.
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| show | People asking question that involves in interviews and written questions.
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| How do random sampling and convenience sampling differ? | show 🗑
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| show | Positive moves in the same direction, negative moves in opposite directions, and zero means there’s no relationship at all.
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| What does the correlation coefficient tell us? | show 🗑
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| What would a perfect correlation look like? | show 🗑
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| show | It involves measuring two or more variables and assessing whether there is a relationship between them.
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| Does correlation let us determine cause and effect? Why (or why not)? | show 🗑
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| What 3 conditions must be met for a study to be considered a valid experiment? | show 🗑
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| show | Used to establish cause and effect.
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| show | Other variables that may influence the DV
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| what is the difference between confounding and noise? | show 🗑
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| What does it mean if a result (e.g., a correlation, a difference between means) is statistically significant? | show 🗑
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| What is a main effect? | show 🗑
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| What is an interaction effect? | show 🗑
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| how do internal validity and external validity differ? | show 🗑
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| show | Manipulation check is the measure of success of IV manipulation.
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| show | Demand characteristics are features of the experiment that give clues about hypothesis.
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| is there experimenter bias? (how would we reduce it?) | show 🗑
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| show | The degree to which the particular way researchers measure a given variable is likely to yield consistent results.
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| Replication – what is it? | show 🗑
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| show | A committee that examines research proposals and makes judgements about the ethical appropriateness of the research.
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| show | A participant signed agreement to participate in a procedure or a research study after learning all of its relevant aspects.
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| What is self-concept? | show 🗑
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| The sum total of beliefs we have about ourselves: mildly accurate; to see yourself with 100% accuracy is depression | show 🗑
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| show | Self-concept is both stable and malleable because it is multi-dimensional
Ex: language around older relatives
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| show | a) social roles= 13%
b) traits/characteristics= 9%
c) demographic characteristics= 12%
d) activities and interests= 61%
e) future goals= 3%
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| show | The self-concept is mildly accurate because humans tend to want to stay positive and self-enhance themselves. The only time it is 100% accurate is during depression.
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| Sources of Self-Knowledge and Self-Evaluation | show 🗑
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| Reflected appraisal – what is it? why is it often inaccurate? | show 🗑
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| when are we likely to do social comparison? | show 🗑
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| upward social comparison | show 🗑
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| show | looking at someone and comparing to someone worse off than one (a lower dimension)
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| lateral social comparison | show 🗑
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| motives for comparison (what type of comparison other would be chosen? what would be the "direction" of comparison?) | show 🗑
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| show | • Inwardly focused
• Autonomous: working independently
• Self-concept focuses on traits, abilities and attitudes internally
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| what are the characteristics of interdependent self construal? | show 🗑
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| how do independent and interdependent self construal affect the way we pay attention to social contexts? | show 🗑
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| how does gender influence self-construal? | show 🗑
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| what are some reasons for these differences in gender influence? | show 🗑
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| self-handicapping | show 🗑
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| show | focuses on people's efforts to maintain on overall sense of self -worth when confronted with feedback or events that threaten a valued self-image.
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| show | ensures that a person's behavior fits the demands of the social context
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| what is self-presentation? | show 🗑
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| Positive distortion often associated with high self-esteem | show 🗑
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| show | -given unconditional positive feedback (ability and notion that they did well has NO standards
-always protected from failure (mar doubt their ability to cope)
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| show | -observing one's own behavior (self-perception)
-Looking at others vs. oneself
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| show | organizing structures that help guide the construal of social information, represent a person's beliefs and feelings about the self, both in general and in specific situations
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| show | the theory that people sometimes strive for stable, subjectively accurate beliefs about themselves because such self views give them a sense of coherence and predictability
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Created by:
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