Chapters 1, 2, and 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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What did Milgram’s obedience study show about the power of the situation? | show 🗑
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show | It helps explain why certain circumstances that appear unimportant on the surface can have great consequences for behavior, either facilitating in or blocking
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show | Automatic tasks can be controlled with little to no attention while controlled tasks requires more attention (requires more cognitive resources)
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what are the advantages of the automatic system? | show 🗑
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how can tasks change from controlled to automatic? | show 🗑
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show | One’s interpretation of or inference about the stimuli or situation that one confronts.
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how is construal related to experience? | show 🗑
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how is construal related to the use of schemas and stereotypes? | show 🗑
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show | influence the way we construe situations. Social norms
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how is culture related to construal? | show 🗑
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show | We look for the easiest way to process information. Our cognitive resources are limited which means we resist “spending” them.
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What is meant by “human universal”? | show 🗑
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show | Yes! Both express dominance and submission, anger and fear, through similar facial expressions.
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What are some important universals? | show 🗑
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Why are social neuroscientists so interested in the prefrontal cortex? | show 🗑
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Why do we say humans are cultural animals, not just social animals? | show 🗑
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show | Rules and standards understood by members of a group.
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how do independent and interdependent societies differ in their emphasis on the individual vs. the group? | show 🗑
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show | Independent is autonomous so personal uniqueness is expected as it is a big part in independent societies. Interdependent societies are all about connection so personal uniqueness will focus more on adapting to relationships, social roles, and groups.
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show | To describe, make predictions, and explain.
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Why can’t we rely on our personal observations to provide explanations? | show 🗑
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How are hypotheses involved in the research process? | show 🗑
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How are theories related to hypotheses? | show 🗑
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show | People asking question that involves in interviews and written questions.
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show | Random selection captures the proportions of given types of people in the population as a whole while convenience sampling can produce proportions that are severely skewed away from the actual population as a whole.
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How do positive, negative, and zero correlations differ? | show 🗑
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show | The statistical measure of degree of relationship between 2 variables.
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What would a perfect correlation look like? | show 🗑
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What kind of conclusion can we draw from correlational research? | show 🗑
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show | No. Correlation does not mean causation because there is always a possibility that there is a third variable present that may affect the DV.
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What 3 conditions must be met for a study to be considered a valid experiment? | show 🗑
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What is the main advantage of experimental studies? | show 🗑
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show | Other variables that may influence the DV
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show | Confounding varies systematically and affects one group more that the other. Noise is randomly distributed across groups and affects both groups equally.
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show | A mean of the probability that a given result could have occurred by chance.
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What is a main effect? | show 🗑
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show | Combined effect of two IV’s
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how do internal validity and external validity differ? | show 🗑
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show | Manipulation check is the measure of success of IV manipulation.
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show | Demand characteristics are features of the experiment that give clues about hypothesis.
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is there experimenter bias? (how would we reduce it?) | show 🗑
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show | The degree to which the particular way researchers measure a given variable is likely to yield consistent results.
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show | Reproduction of research results by the original investigator or by someone else. Do other studies get similar results? There to improve the test.
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show | A committee that examines research proposals and makes judgements about the ethical appropriateness of the research.
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what is the purpose of informed consent? | show 🗑
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What is self-concept? | show 🗑
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show | It is not innate because Gallup’s mirror study shows that the animals and people only responded to the mark on their head if they had gone through the study a couple of times. Only 25% of babies should self-recognition.
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show | Self-concept is both stable and malleable because it is multi-dimensional
Ex: language around older relatives
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common components of self-concept (from "list 3 things" class exercise) | show 🗑
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is the self-concept always accurate? | show 🗑
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show | Observation – of own behavior and of thoughts and feelings
• Observing one’s own behavior (self-perception)
• Looking at others vs. Oneself
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Reflected appraisal – what is it? why is it often inaccurate? | show 🗑
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when are we likely to do social comparison? | show 🗑
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upward social comparison | show 🗑
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show | looking at someone and comparing to someone worse off than one (a lower dimension)
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lateral social comparison | show 🗑
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show | a. accurate self-assessment: lateral social comparison
b. goal setting: upward social comparison
c. self-enhancement (will it always make you feel better?): downward social comparison
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what are the characteristics of independent self construal? | show 🗑
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what are the characteristics of interdependent self construal? | show 🗑
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how do independent and interdependent self construal affect the way we pay attention to social contexts? | show 🗑
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how does gender influence self-construal? | show 🗑
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show | differential treatment from birth highlights gender roles and how they often become part of self-concept.
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self-handicapping | show 🗑
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show | focuses on people's efforts to maintain on overall sense of self -worth when confronted with feedback or events that threaten a valued self-image.
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what is self-monitoring? | show 🗑
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show | related to the public self. people present themselves the way they want others to see them
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show | -believe they're above average in positive traits
-inflated sense of control
-unrealistic optimism
- self-serving bias
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show | -given unconditional positive feedback (ability and notion that they did well has NO standards
-always protected from failure (mar doubt their ability to cope)
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Sources of self-knowledge and evaluation | show 🗑
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show | organizing structures that help guide the construal of social information, represent a person's beliefs and feelings about the self, both in general and in specific situations
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self verification | show 🗑
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Created by:
bryantj23
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