AQA A Level Chemistry
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| Write the balanced equation for sodium reacting with water including state symbols | 2Na(s) + H2O(aq) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
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| Which product determines the pH of the solution formed when sodium reacts with water. | NaOH(aq) it is alkaline (pH13-14)
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| What pH is the solution formed after sodium reacts with water? | pH 13-14
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| Why does sodium melt into a ball when it reacts with water | The reaction is highly exothermic
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| Describe and explain the difference in reactivity between sodium and magnesium (4) | Na is more reactive, Mg contains stronger metallic bonds, due to the metal ions having a higher charge and being smaller and because there are more delocalised electrons
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| Why is the reaction of magnesium with water much slower than sodium | The metallic bonding in magensium is stronger causing the activation energy of the reaction to be high
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| Write a balanced equation for magensium reacting with steam, including state symbols | Mg(s) + H2O(g) → MgO(s) + H2(g)
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| Write a balanced equation for sodium reacting with oxygen, including state symbols | Na(s) + O2(g) → Na2O(s)
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| Write a balanced equation for magnesium reacting with oxygen, including state symbols | 2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s)
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| Write a balanced equation for aluminium reacting with oxygen, including state symbols | 4Al(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Al2O3(s)
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| Write a balanced equation for silicon reacting with oxygen, including state symbols | Si(s) + O2(g) → SiO2(s)
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| Write a balanced equation for phosphorus reacting with oxygen, including state symbols | 4P(s) + 5O2(g) → P4O10(s)
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| Write a balanced equation for sulfur reacting with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide, including state symbols | S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g)
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| Write a balanced equation for sulfur reacting with oxygen to form sulfur trioxide, including state symbols | 2SO2(s) + O2(g) → 2SO3(g)
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| Describe the structure and bonding in sodium, magensium and aluminium oxide | giant ionic lattice
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| Describe and explain the difference in the mpt of sodium and magnesium oxide | mpt of MgO is higher because the metal ion is smaller with a higher charge resulting in greater electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions
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| Describe and explain the difference in the mpt of magensium and aluminium oxide | MgO is higher because Al2O3 contains covalent character, due to the very small and highly charged metal ion which distorts the electron density of the O2- ion
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| Describe the structure and bonding in silicon dioxide | giant covalent structure
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| Explain why the mpt of silicon dioxide is very high | due to giant covalent structure, strong covalent bonds need to be broken which requires a lot of energy
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| Describe the structure and bonding of phosphorus and sulfur oxides | simple covalent molecules
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| Which has a higher mpt P4O10 or SO2. Explain your answer | P4O10, as it is a larger molecule resulting in stronger van der waals forces between molecules
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| Which period 3 oxides are basic? | sodium and magensium oxide
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| Write a balanced equation for sodium oxide reacting with water, including state symbols | Na2O(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq)
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| Write a balanced equation for magnesium oxide reacting with water, including state symbols | MgO(s) + 2H2O(l) → Mg(OH)2(aq)
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| What is the pH og Mg(OH)2 | About 8-10
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| Why does NaO dissolve to make an alkaline solution? | Na breaks up into its ions, the O2- ion takes an H+ from water forming 2 OH- ions
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| Why is the pH of sodium hydroxide higher than magnesium hydroxide? | MgO is only slightly soluble, due to a higher lattice enthalpy. The concentration of O2- ions in solution are low therefore the OH- concentration is low, making the solution only slightly alkaline
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| What is the pH of the solution when Al2O3 is mixed with water and why | 7, as it is insoluble due to a high lattice enthalpy
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| What is the pH of the solution when sulfur dioxide is mixed with water and why | 7, as it is insoluble due giant covalent structure which needs a large amount of energy to break
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| Which period 3 oxides are acidic? | phosphorus and sulfur oxides
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| Write a balanced equation for phosphorus oxide reacting with water, including state symbols | P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) → 4H3PO4(aq)
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| Write a balanced equation for sulfur dioxide reacting with water, including state symbols | SO2(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO3(aq)
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| Write a balanced equation for sulfur trioxide reacting with water, including state symbols | SO3(g) + H2O(l) → H2SO4(aq)
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| Write a balanced equation including state symbols to show how sulfuric (VI) acid dissociates into its ions in solution | H2SO4(aq) → 2H+(aq) + SO42-(aq)
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| Write a balanced equation including state symbols to show how sulfuric (IV) acid dissociates into its ions in solution | H2SO3 (aq)→ H+(aq) + HSO3-(aq)
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| Write a balanced equation including state symbols to show how phosphoric acid dissociates into its ions in solution | H3PO4(aq)→ H+(aq)+ H2PO4-(aq)
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| Which period 3 oxides react with acids? | sodium and magensium oxides
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| Write a balanced equation including state symbols to show how sodium oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid | Na2O(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
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| Write a balanced equation including state symbols to show how sodium oxide reacts with sulfuric acid | Na2O(s) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l)
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| Write a balanced equation including state symbols to show how magnesium oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid | MgO(s) +2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
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| Write a balanced equation including state symbols to show how megnesium oxide reacts with sulfuric acid | MgO(s) + H2SO4(aq) → MgSO4(aq) + H2O(l)
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| Which period 3 oxides react with bases? | phosphorus and sulfur oxides
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| Write a balanced equation including state symbols to show how silicon dioxide reacts with sodium hydroxide | SiO2(s) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2SiO3(aq) + H2O(l)
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| Write a balanced equation including state symbols to show how phosphorus oxide reacts with sodium hydroxide | P4O10(s) + 12NaOH(aq) → 4Na3PO4(aq) + 6H2O(l)
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| Write a balanced equation including state symbols to show how sulfur dioxide reacts with sodium hydroxide | SO2(g) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2SO3(aq) + H2O(l)
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| Write a balanced equation including state symbols to show how sulfur trioxide reacts with sodium hydroxide | SO3(g) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l)
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| What does amphoteric mean? | Something that reacts with both acids and bases
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| Which period 3 oxide is amphoteric and why? | Aluminium oxide, because it has both ionic and covalent character
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| Write a balanced equation including state symbols to show how aluminium oxide reacts with sodium hydroxide | Al2O3 + 6NaOH (aq) 3H2O(l) → 2NaAl(OH)4(aq)
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| Write a balanced equation including state symbols to show how aluminium oxide reacts with sulphuric acid | Al2O3 + 3H2SO4(aq) → Al2(SO4)3 (aq) + 3H2O(l)
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| Write a balanced equation including state symbols to show how aluminium oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid | Al2O3 + 6HCl(aq) → 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l)
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