AP LIT FINAL WORDS
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show | passing reference to a familiar person, place, event etc. ex: "He saw himself as a modern job."
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show | fictional work in which characters represent ideas or concepts. ex: In paul Bunyan's Pilgram's Progress, the characters named faithful + mercy are meant to represent types of ppl rather than to be characters in their own rights.
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alliteration | show 🗑
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analogy | show 🗑
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show | intended readership. ex: "The readers of a national weekly news-magazine come from all walks of life and have diverse opinions..."
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show | answers the question "why" and explains the reasons for an occurrence of the consequences of an action. (example of exposition)
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show | points out similarities and differences between two or more subjects (in the same class or category).purpose is to clarify - to reach a conclusion about the items being C+C. (example of exposition)
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show | argument or problem
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show | a balanced pairing of opposites
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show | meaning of words. denotation is the literal dictionary definition, ex: denotation of a lamb is "young sheep". connotation is the implied definition. connotations of lamb are numberous: gentle, docile, weak, peaceful, blessed, innocent, frisky.
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show | tells how a person, place or thing is perceived by the 5 senses. (prose). Objective description -reports these sensory qualities factually. subjective description - gives the writer's interpretation of them.
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show | intro paragraph: hook, intro to point, thesis. body paragraphs. conclusion: restate thesis,elevate thesis advice, warning, ask question,apply to larger context
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show | authors choice of words. writer's diction contributes to tone of the text. ex: The gentleman was considerably irritated." (formal, elevated diction).
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show | clarify, explain + inform. exposition process: process analysis, definition, division/classification, comparison/contrast exemplification+cause/effect analysis. ex: novel involves wedding, exposition might exp. signif. of it to T ovall work of lit (prose)
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show | (F.O.S) - exaggeration is used to achieve emphasis. ex: "my feet are as cold as an iceberg" or "I'll die if I don't see you soon." emphasis on exaggeration rather than literal representation - opposite of understatement.
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show | occurs when a situation produces an outcome that is the opposite of what is expected.
dramatic (reader knows something the character doesnt), situational (different outcome then whats expected), verbal (sarcasm). ex: "I am glad my case is not serious."
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figurative language | show 🗑
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metaphor | show 🗑
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mood | show 🗑
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narration | show 🗑
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personification | show 🗑
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show | what the writer wants to accomplish in a particuliar piece of writing. Purposeful writing seeks to relate(narration), to describe (description), to explain (analytical), or to convince (argument).
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rhetorical question | show 🗑
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rhetoric | show 🗑
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show | specific language tools an author uses to carry out a rhetorical strategy/achieve a purpose for writing. (allusion, diction, imagery, syntax, selection of detail, figurative language and repetition.)
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rhetorical strategies | show 🗑
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show | way words are arranged in a sentence. ex: "The big blue sky beckoned her," says the same thing as "She was beckoned by the big blue sky." (similar meaning, diff. syntax/word order)
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show | one subject and one verb. ex: "The singer bowed to her audience."
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show | two independent clauses joined by a coordinate conjunction (and, but, or)/ semicolon. ex: "The singer bowed to the audience, but she sang no encores."
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show | independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses. ex: "You said that you would tell the truth."
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loose sentence | show 🗑
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periodic sentence | show 🗑
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balanced sentence | show 🗑
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show | subject comes before the predicate. ex: "Oranges grow in California."
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inverted order | show 🗑
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show | divides predicate into parts with the subject coming in the middle. ex: "In California oranges grow."
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show | poetic + rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words/phrases are places next to each other (effect of wit/surprise). ex: "The apparition of these face in a crowd:/Petals on a wet, black, bough." ("In a station at the Metro" by E.Pound
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parallel structure (parallelism) | show 🗑
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show | device in which words, sounds + ideas are used more than once. (purpose = enhancing rhythn/creating emphasis). ex: "...govt of the ppl, by the ppl, for the ppl, shall not perish from the earth." (Gettysburg address - Lincoln)
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clause | show 🗑
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show | a small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit
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message | show 🗑
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tone | show 🗑
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show | individual manner in which a writer expresses his/her ideas. author's particular selection of words, sentence structure, arrangement of ideas create style.
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show | narrator of a story, poem, drama - fictional persona. (not the author - creates the voice of the speaker)
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show | arrangement and presentation of ideas. Narration (organized chronologically), Exposition (simplest > complex), Argument (least imp. > most imp.). good writers are careful to discover an order of presentation suitable for their audience and their purpose.
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show | objective (writing factual and impersonal) subjective (impressionistic writing, personal interpretation)
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thesis | show 🗑
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show | how something is organized
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prose | show 🗑
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show | ethos (persuade readers by appealing to their sense of ethical principles), logos( use of logic as a controlling principle in an argument), pathos (argumentative proof - emotional lang, connotative diction, appeals to reader's empathetic values/emotions)
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logical fallacy | show 🗑
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simile | show 🗑
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show | mild/pleasant sounding expression that substitutes for a harsh, indelicate idea. (used to soften the impact of what is being discussed. ex:"departed" > "dead"
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argument | show 🗑
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chiasmus | show 🗑
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show | commas used w/o conjuctions to separate a series of words, thus emphasizing the parts equally.
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show | repetition of similar vowels sounds followed by diff. consonant sounds especially in words that are together.
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Zeugma | show 🗑
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show | device in literature where an object represents an idea
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show | usually humorous use of a word in such a way to suggest 2 or more meanings,(play on words).
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show | phrase composed of opposites; a contradiction
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show | a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself + that also stands for s/t more than itself.
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tricolon | show 🗑
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imagery | show 🗑
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show | an atmosphere created by a writer's diction and the details selected.
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show | main idea of the overall work; central idea; topic of discourse/discussion
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tetracolon | show 🗑
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show | the repetition of a word/words at the end of successive phrases/sentences
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show | abscense of expected conjuctions
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anaphora | show 🗑
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tautology | show 🗑
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synchises | show 🗑
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show | the use of more conjuctions than is normal
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show | the juxtaposition of 2 normally incompatible words; in essence, a 2-word paradox.
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show | a note of explanation or comment added to a text or diagram
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clause | show 🗑
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show | a small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.
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show | a word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause (e.g., and, but, if).
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show | a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause, as in “the man on the platform,” “she arrived after dinner,”
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oversimplification | show 🗑
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show | detailed examination of the elements or structure of something, typically as a basis for discussion or interpretation
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form | show 🗑
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jodiesalzberg
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