AP LIT FINAL WORDS
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| show | passing reference to a familiar person, place, event etc. ex: "He saw himself as a modern job."
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| show | fictional work in which characters represent ideas or concepts. ex: In paul Bunyan's Pilgram's Progress, the characters named faithful + mercy are meant to represent types of ppl rather than to be characters in their own rights.
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| show | repetition of consonant sounds. ex: "The tall tamarack trees shaded the cozy cabin"
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| show | a form of comparison in which the writer explains s/t unfamiliar by comparing it to s/t familiar. ex: "The pond was as smooth as a mirror."
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| audience | show 🗑
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| show | answers the question "why" and explains the reasons for an occurrence of the consequences of an action. (example of exposition)
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| show | points out similarities and differences between two or more subjects (in the same class or category).purpose is to clarify - to reach a conclusion about the items being C+C. (example of exposition)
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| show | argument or problem
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| antithesis | show 🗑
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| show | meaning of words. denotation is the literal dictionary definition, ex: denotation of a lamb is "young sheep". connotation is the implied definition. connotations of lamb are numberous: gentle, docile, weak, peaceful, blessed, innocent, frisky.
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| show | tells how a person, place or thing is perceived by the 5 senses. (prose). Objective description -reports these sensory qualities factually. subjective description - gives the writer's interpretation of them.
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| show | authors choice of words. writer's diction contributes to tone of the text. ex: The gentleman was considerably irritated." (formal, elevated diction).
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| show | clarify, explain + inform. exposition process: process analysis, definition, division/classification, comparison/contrast exemplification+cause/effect analysis. ex: novel involves wedding, exposition might exp. signif. of it to T ovall work of lit (prose)
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| show | (F.O.S) - exaggeration is used to achieve emphasis. ex: "my feet are as cold as an iceberg" or "I'll die if I don't see you soon." emphasis on exaggeration rather than literal representation - opposite of understatement.
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| irony | show 🗑
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| show | umbrella term for any uses of language that imply an imaginative comparison. ex: "You've earned your wings" ("you've succeeded") - comparision w/ bird who just learned how to fly. (similes, metaphors, symbols)
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| show | two unlike things are compared directly, for emphasis/dramatic effect. ex: govt = "ship of state", industry + businesses = "engines of ship", citizens = "passenger of the ship".
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| mood | show 🗑
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| show | tell a story/what happened. used in fiction, also nonfiction (by itself or in conjuction w. other types of prose. (prose)
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| show | (F.O.S) objects or ideas are described as having human qualities/personalities. ex: "The saddened birch trees were bent to the ground, laden w/ ice; they groaned and shivered in the cold winds." (trees represented as capables of human emotion)
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| purpose | show 🗑
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| rhetorical question | show 🗑
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| show | art and logic of a written or spoken argument (persuade, analyze expose) - purposeful.
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| rhetorical devices | show 🗑
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| show | the way an author organizes words, sentences, + overall argument in order to achieve a particular purpose. ex: if the writer wishes to show how to make cookies, most effective strategy would be process analysis.
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| show | way words are arranged in a sentence. ex: "The big blue sky beckoned her," says the same thing as "She was beckoned by the big blue sky." (similar meaning, diff. syntax/word order)
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| show | one subject and one verb. ex: "The singer bowed to her audience."
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| show | two independent clauses joined by a coordinate conjunction (and, but, or)/ semicolon. ex: "The singer bowed to the audience, but she sang no encores."
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| show | independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses. ex: "You said that you would tell the truth."
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| show | makes complete sense if brought to a close before the actual ending. ex: "We reached Edmonton/that morning/after a turbulent flight/and some exciting experiences."
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| periodic sentence | show 🗑
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| show | phrases and clauses balance each other by virtue or their likeness or structure, meaning an/or length. ex: "he maketh me to lie down in green pastures; he leadth me beside the still waters."
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| natural order | show 🗑
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| show | predicate comes before the subject. ex: "In California grow oranges." (normal sent. patterns are reversed to create an emphatic order/rythmic effect.
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| show | divides predicate into parts with the subject coming in the middle. ex: "In California oranges grow."
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| show | poetic + rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words/phrases are places next to each other (effect of wit/surprise). ex: "The apparition of these face in a crowd:/Petals on a wet, black, bough." ("In a station at the Metro" by E.Pound
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| parallel structure (parallelism) | show 🗑
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| repetition | show 🗑
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| clause | show 🗑
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| show | a small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit
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| message | show 🗑
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| tone | show 🗑
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| show | individual manner in which a writer expresses his/her ideas. author's particular selection of words, sentence structure, arrangement of ideas create style.
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| speaker | show 🗑
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| organization | show 🗑
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| show | objective (writing factual and impersonal) subjective (impressionistic writing, personal interpretation)
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| show | statement of the main idea of an essay - controlling idea. thesis may be implied rather than stated directly.
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| structure | show 🗑
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| show | exposition, description, persuasive, synthesis, exigence (written or spoken in language)
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| show | ethos (persuade readers by appealing to their sense of ethical principles), logos( use of logic as a controlling principle in an argument), pathos (argumentative proof - emotional lang, connotative diction, appeals to reader's empathetic values/emotions)
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| logical fallacy | show 🗑
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| simile | show 🗑
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| Euphemism | show 🗑
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| show | form of persuasion that appeals to reason instead of emotions to convince an audience to think/act in a certain way
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| show | in poetry, a type of rhetorical balance in which the 2nd part is syntactically balanced against the first, but w/ the part reversed.
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| show | commas used w/o conjuctions to separate a series of words, thus emphasizing the parts equally.
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| Assonance | show 🗑
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| Zeugma | show 🗑
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| show | device in literature where an object represents an idea
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| pun | show 🗑
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| show | phrase composed of opposites; a contradiction
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| show | a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself + that also stands for s/t more than itself.
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| show | sentence of 3 parts of equal imp. + length, usually 3 independent clauses.
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| show | use of lang. to evoke a picture or a concrete sensation of a person, thing, place, or an experience
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| show | an atmosphere created by a writer's diction and the details selected.
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| theme | show 🗑
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| show | a succession of four coordinate items
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| show | the repetition of a word/words at the end of successive phrases/sentences
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| asyndeton | show 🗑
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| anaphora | show 🗑
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| show | repetition of an idea in 2 words that are nearly synonymous
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| show | balanced pair of phrases/clauses in which the order of the 1st pair is repeated in the 2nd pair
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| show | the use of more conjuctions than is normal
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| show | the juxtaposition of 2 normally incompatible words; in essence, a 2-word paradox.
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| show | a note of explanation or comment added to a text or diagram
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| clause | show 🗑
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| show | a small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.
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| show | a word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause (e.g., and, but, if).
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| preposition | show 🗑
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| show | simplify (something) so much that a distorted impression of it is given : a false and oversimplified view of human personality.
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| show | detailed examination of the elements or structure of something, typically as a basis for discussion or interpretation
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| form | show 🗑
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