HM2 lilk8tob Renal diseases
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| A bladder infection | Cystitis
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| S&S: Frequency, urgency, dysuria, hesitancy, low back pain, nocturia | Cystitis
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| Tests for Cystitis | urinalysis, culture (if complicated), cytoscopy (if more than three / year)
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| Kidney stones | Urolithiasis
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| Enlargement of ureter from stone blocking it | Hydroureter
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| Stones in the ureter | Urolithiasis
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| Enlargement of kidney from urine blockage | Hydronephrosis
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| The major manifestation of stones (extreme pain) | Renal colic
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| Tests for stones/blockage | microscopic exam of urine, UA, C&S, pH, IVP, KUB, ultrasound
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| This is inherited; abd. pain, HTN, increased abd girth, constipation, bloody urine, risk of berry aneurysm, waste sodium | PKD (polycystic kidney disease)
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| Tests if have hydronephrosis or hydroureter | urinalysis (proteinuria, hematuria), BUN & Creatinine, CT, MRI of kidney
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| Infection of kidney caused by organisms ascending from the lower urinary tract | Pyelonephritis
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| Tests if have pyelonephritis | urinalysis (+leukocyte esterase + nitrate dipstick test), presence of WBC, Bacteria, fever
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| Renal disorders caused by an immunological reaction- results in proliferative and inflammatory changes within the glomerular structure | Acute Glomerulonephritis (GN)
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| Tests for Acute Glomerulonephritis (GN) | urinalysis (hematuria, WBC, proteinuria, casts), 24 hour urine collection for GFR & creat. clearance, Blood, skin and throat cultures
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| This infection commonly follows Strep | Acute Glomerulonephritis (GN)
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| This develops over 20-30 years. Glomerular damage allows protein to enter the urine; acidosis | Chronic Glomerulonephritis (GN)
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| Tests for Chronic Glomerulonephritis (GN) | renal biopsy (in early stages when proteinuria or hematuria is 1st present)
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| Increased glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass into urine- causes massive loss of protein, edema, and low plasma albumin. This is an immune or inflammatory process | Nephrotic Syndrome (NS)
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| Tests for Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) | Renal biopsy is crucial- Must ID problem and fix it so it doesn't lead to ESRD
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| The thickening of the nephrom blood vessels, leading to narrowing of the vessel lumen -> decreased blood flow -> ischemia & fibrosis. HTN, atherosclerosis & diabetes | Nephrosclerosis
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| Microvascular disease- persistent albuminuria | Diabetic nephropathy
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| Tests for Diabetic nephropathy | Monitor blood glucose & have yearly eye exam
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| Loss of urine concentrating ability | Hyposthenuria
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| This causes overflow UI. Frequency, nocturia, hesitancy, hematuria, low force of urine stream, postvoid dribbling, bladder distention | Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
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| Tests for BPH | DRE, WBC, Low hemoglobin, HCT, Increased PSA (if have prostate cancer), urodynamic studies, cytourethroscope, flow rate analysis, bladder scan
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| After this procedure, client excretes urine w/ bowel movements | Sigmoidostomies
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| After this procedure, client has pouch w/ continent stoma- pt self-caths urine | Ileal reservoir
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| After this procedure, urine is directed to skin surface. Must wear a bag | Ureterostomies
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| After this procedure, collect urine in intestine, goes to pouch on outside | Conduit
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