7-5 Petersen: Unit 4 Ch.10-13 (Europe)
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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on it to display the answer.
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| Classical | The ancient,very old,era(time span) Rome and Greece era/time period.
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| polis | Greek term for "city state" (city & surrounding area--a 'mini-country')
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| democracy | A type of government - leaders rule & elected by the citizens (the U.S.A. has a Federal Republic ---NOT a democracy)
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| republic | strong national government headed by elected leaders
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| consul | The elected chief official of the Roman Republic
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| emperor | (king) ruler of an empire
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| pope | head of the Roman Catholic Church for the entire world (Pope lives in Vatican City, an enclave in Italy)
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| missionary | a person who goes to regions around the world to teach others about his or her religion
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| common law | the UNWRITTEN laws that come from LOCAL CUSTOMS- the laws that are so common that everyone knows them
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| feudalism | During the Middle Ages also called(Medieval Times,Dark Ages)a POLITICAL&SOCIAL SYSTEM developed consisting of a king,vassals (noble/lords),knights, serfs(peasants-social position did not change (serfs would always be poor--no chance to improve life style)
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| vassal | Is a noble(lord) who would receive land from a feudal lord in exchange for loyalty and military service --he got land, but had to pay for it by serving in the military & could get killed
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| manor | A feudal estate (large land area)
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| serf | farm laborer who could be bought and sold along with the land-like a slave
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| guild | Medieval term - the name given to the organizations of the workers (artist guild or music guild)
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| charter | written agreement (contract) containing rights, privleges and freedoms (similar to a constitution)
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| indulgences | currency or some type of payment to the Catholic Church to pardons your sins- the Catholic Church became wealthy--this led to the Reformation (reform the church)
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| revolution | a great and often violent change - ex. a group who takes over government by force
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| divine right of kings | belief that European kings and queens ruled by the will of God
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| productivity | a measure of how much work can be done in a certian length of time
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| human resources | a person's capabilities/skills/talents to produce a product
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| textiles | woven cloth/fabric
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| cottage industry | a business in the home-family members make goods/products using their own equiptment-like cloth or furniture
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| union | a group of workers (labor organization) who bargain/negotiate with the factory owners to get better working conditions & more salary, but they have to pay dues (fees)to belong
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| strike | union workers refusal to work until they get better conditions & more money are met/given-(owners usually can't get more workers)
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| imperilism | taking over another country for military & trade advantages (using the people and resources for their economic gain/profit)
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| communism | a government system in which most property & business is owned by the government-(gov. controls society/people & economy) has a command economy
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| Holocaust | the killing of over 6 million Jews & 6 milion others during WWII by Adolf Hitler and the Nazis (Germany)
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| genocide | the mass murder of a whole people because of their race, religion, ethnicity, politics or culture
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| Cold War | a global competition (for the most power) between the democratic US and its allies and the Communist Soviet Union (Soviets/USSR) and its supporters (late 1940's-1880's) verbal threats of nuclear war
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| nuclear weapons | weapons that use atomic reactions to release enormous power and can cause mass destruction (ex. bombing of Japan)
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| detterence | something used to deter or discourage-like threatening to use a nuclear missile
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| satellite nation | a country who is politically & economically dominated or controlled by a more powerful country
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| blockade | to close off by force-to block the entrance
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| airlift | a system of carrying supplies by aircraft
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| euro | common currency/money of the European Union member countries
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| multilingual | able to speak several languages
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| moor | treeless, windy highland areas with damp ground
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| parlimentary democracy | a form of government where voters elect representatives to a lawmaking body called Parliament
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| peat | plants partly decayed in water which can be dried and used for fuel
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| bog | low swampy lands
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| navigable | waterways that are wide and deep enought for the passage of ships
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| federal republic | when a national government and state government share powers
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| reunification | returning all of the parts into one big part
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| continental divide | a high place from which rivers flow in different directions
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| heavy industry | industry that produces manufactured goods such as machinery (bulldozer, tractor)
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| fjord | long, narrow, often deep inlet of the sea, lying between steep cliffs - west coast of Norway
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| sauna | wooden rooms heated by water sizzling on hot stones
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| geyser | spring that shoots hot water (like a natural fountain) that is heated by hot rocks below the crust (of the Earth) and steam into the air
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| geothermal energy | heat produced by natural underground sources, to heat homes etc.
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| sirroco | hot, dry winds that blow north across the Mediterranean Sea and Italy from North Africa
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| coalition government | a government where two or more political parties work together to run the country
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| neutrality | refusing to take sides in disagreements and wars between countries
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| dry farming | no irrigation is used; the land is left unplanted every few years so that it can store moisture.
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| welfare state | a country that uses high rates of taxation to provide services to people who are sick, needy, jobless or retired - ex. Sweden
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| polder | land reclaimed from the sea (keeping land from washing out to sea
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| autobahn | superhighway in Europe - no speed limits
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| constitutional monarchy | government in which a king or queen is the official head of the country but has little power and elected officials run the government
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| multinational company | a business that works in several countries - ex. McDonalds and Polo clothing
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| bog | low swampy lands
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| communist state | a state/country in which the government has strong control over the economy and society
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| acid rain | rain containing chemical pollutants
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| pope | head of the Roman Catholic Church around the world
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| landlocked | a country that has no sea or ocean bordering it
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| nomads | people who move from place to place often with herds of animals (possibly mad because they have no permanent home :)
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| spa | resort with hot mineral springs for bathing- some think that the hot minerals improve their health
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| privatize | when factory ownership transfers from the government to individual/private citizens (opposite of nationalize)
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| consumer goods | products made for people to use/to consume
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| ethnic cleansing | forcing people from a different ethnic group to leave their homes -by genocide or forced emigration
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| refugee | the person who must flee to another country to escape danger or disaster
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| mosque | Muslim house of worship - religion Islam--holy book Koran
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| steppe | grassy plain- semiarid/partly dry-often next to deserts (steppe next door to the desert)
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| potash | mineral used in fertilizer
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