motion
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| speed | the measure of distance traveled per unit of time; how fast something is moving; distance divided by time
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| velocity | speed in a given direction
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| displacement | the change in position from an object's original location
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| distance | the amount of ground an object has covered during its motion
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| acceleration | the rate of change in an object's velocity or speed
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| deceleration | slowing down; negative acceleration
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| Flat line on distance and time graph | stopped
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| Straight line | steady
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| Zero on distance and time graph | starting position
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| Flat line on velocity and time graph | steady speed
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| Zero on velocity and time graph | stopped
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| 3 ways velocity can change | If speed changes, if direction changes, if speed and direction both change
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| Positive acceleration | Increase in velocity
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| Constant velocity | No change in velocity; zero acceleration
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| How is acceleration affected when mass increases? | acceleration decreases
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| Formula for force | Mass x acceleration
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| Force is measured in ... | Newtons (N)
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| Net force | Sum of all forces acting on an object
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| Balanced forces | Equal forces that act on an object in opposite directions; do not cause a change in motion; no net force
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| Unbalanced forces | Unequal forces that act on an object; cause a change in motion; create a net force not equal to zero
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| Newton’s First Law of Motion | A body in motion is likely to stay in motion and a body at rest will stay at rest unless an unbalanced force acts upon it; also called Law of Inertia
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| friction | Unbalanced force that can act upon an object and eventually cause it to stop
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| inertia | A tendency to do nothing or stay the same; an object’s motion will stay constant; does not depend on gravity
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| Newton’s Second Law of Motion | When a net force acts on an object, the object will accelerate in the direction of this net force.
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| Air resistance | Force of air that pushes against an object through the air; a type of fluid friction
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| Terminal velocity | Highest velocity that is reached because the force of the air pushing up on the object is equal to the force of gravity pushing down on the object
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| Newton’s Third Law of Motion | For every force or action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
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