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| Taxonomy | Technique of classifying organisms.
It is made up of two words i.e. ‘Taxis,’ which means ‘arrangement’ and ‘Nomos,’ which means ‘method.’
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| Who developed the modern taxonomic system? | Swedish botanist Carolus (Carl) Linneaeus
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| List the hierarchy of taxa in order | Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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| What are the three broad categories of the Domain? | Archea(Archeabacteria)
Eubacteria
Eukaryote
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| Archea(Archeabacteria) | It comprises the bacteria that live in extreme environments.
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| Eubacteria | It comprises the bacteria that found in everyday life.
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| Eukaryote | It comprises almost all the world's visible living things.
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| How many kingdoms are the 3 domains broken down into? | 5
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| Name the five kingdoms | Monera
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Protista
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| Monera | It comprises the unicellular organisms, e.g. bacteria.
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| Protista | Similar to monera (unicellular), but more developed and complex. It contains nucleus.
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| Plantae | All plants from smallest (such as algae) to the largest (such as Pine, Eucalyptus trees, etc.) are studied under this kingdom.
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| Fungi | It is a group of eukaryotic organisms that comprises microorganisms such as yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. The organisms of this kingdom do not make their food, they are basically parasites.
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| Animalia | It includes all the multicellular and eukaryotic organisms (of animal group). It is also known as Metazoa.
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| Binomial Nomenclature | The naming culture (of different organisms) practiced uniformly across the world is known as binomial nomenclature.
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| Explain how naming of organisms is done through binomial nomenclature | Consists of two words – the first word beginning with a capital letter and known as genus (of the organism) and the second word begins with lower case letter and defines the species of the organism.
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| What criteria are needed for writing the scientific name? | The first word, the genus, must begin with a capital letter. The second word, the species, must begin with a common letter. The name should be italicized or each must be underlined
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| What two groups are cells fundamentally classified into? | Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
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| Which type of cells have no true nucleus and no membrane bound organelles? | Prokaryotes
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| What are the smallest and simplest types of cells? | Prokaryotes
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| Describe the genome of prokaryotes. | Prokaryotes’ Genome consists of single chromosome.
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| T/F Prokaryotes reproduce asexually | True
Reproduction is asexual; basically mitosis type.
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| T/F Eukaryotes are complex in structure | True
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| Describe the structure of Eukaryotes. | Eukaryotes have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles.
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| Describe the genome of Eukaryotes. | Eukaryotes’ Genome consists of numerous chromosomes.
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| What type of reproduction takes place in Eukaryotes? Asexual or sexual | Reproduction is sexual; by mitosis and meiosis
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| Why is classification important? | Groups of organisms must be defined by the selection of important characteristics, or shared traits, that make the members of each group similar to one another and unlike members of other groups.
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| Why is it important that living organisms have scientific names? | The vast numbers of living organisms must be named and arranged in an orderly manner so that biologists all over the world can be sure they know the exact organism that is being examined and discussed.
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| The science of classifying living organisms is called ______. | Taxonomy
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| The red maple is also known as Acer rubrum...Its scientific name is _____. | Acer rubrum
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| Scientific names are written in what language? | Latin
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| The lowest hierarchy level in biological classification is the _______. | Species
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| Nearly all single-celled eukaryotes that are either heterotrophic or photosynthetic belong to the kingdom ________. | Protista
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| A group of closely related genera is called ______. | Family
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| The only taxon in which the biological characteristics are clearly identifiable is the ______. | Species
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| Scientific names are _____ because they consist of 2 words. | Binomial
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| An organism that breaks down dead and dying organic matter, which it then absorbs, is in the kingdom ______. | Fungi
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