AP Bio unit 1 vocabulary
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| adhesion | The force of attraction between two unlike molecules, example amino acid+water.
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| Cohesion |
The force of attraction between two like molecules. Example water and water
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| hydrogen bond | a type of weak chemical bond in which is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond forms and electrostatic link with the more electronegative atom of a
(basic chem)
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| polar | a molecule such as water with an uneven distribution of charges in different regions of the molecule in one end of the molecule has a positive charge and on the other end has a negative charge the molecule is polar.(water)
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| surface tension | Surface tension (water)
a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid water has high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules
(water)
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| atom | it's the smallest unit of matter the host the properties of an element(basic chem)
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| essential element | a chemical element required for an organism to survive, grow, reproduce(organic chem)
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| macromolecule | a giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules usually by a dehydration reaction. there are four macromolecules proteins lipids carbohydrates and nucleic acids
(organic chem)
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| cleavage | this succession of Rapid cell division without significant growth during early development that converts the zygote to a ball of cells. The process by which the zygote rapidly divides without growing to become multicellular.
(basic chem)
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| dehydration synthesis | (organic chem) a chemical reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule
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| hydrolysis | (organic chem)a chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules birthday additional two water function Sindh assembly of polymers to monomers break down of chemical compounds that involves the street in Avon by water
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| monomer | (organic chem)The subunit that serves as a building block for a polymer
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| amino acid | (protein)
an organic molecule processing both a carboxyl and an amino group. Amino acids serve as the monomers of polypeptides
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| amino terminus/N-Terminus | (protein)a enzyme that joins each amino acid to the appropriate TRNA
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| carbohydrates | (organic chem)A sugar (mono-saccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides)
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| carboxyl terminus/C-Terminus | (protein) a chemical group present in aldehyde and Ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom
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| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | (organic chem)a nucleic acid molecule usually a double-stranded helix in which each Paulding new Cliffside strand consist of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and nitrogenous base
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| deoxyribose | (nucleic acids)
The sugar component of DNA nucleotides have anyone figured Hydro seal group then drive is there sugar component of RNA nucleotide.
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| hydrophilic | (water)having an affinity for water
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| hydrophobic | (water)
having no affinity for water tending to coalece and form droplets in water
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| lipid | (organic chem)any of a group of large biological molecules including fats phospholipids and steroids that mix poorly if at all with water
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| nitrogenous base | nucleic acids a molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base. 10 nitrogenous base in DNA are adenine guanine thymine and cytosine
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| nucleic acid | nucleics acids)a polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers serve as a blueprint for proteins and through the actions of proteins for all cellular activities the two types are DNA and RNA
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| nucleotide | nucleic acids)the building blocks of a nucleic acid consisting of a five carbon sugar to covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and one or more phosphate groups
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| phosphate | organic chem)a chemical group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms important in energy transfer
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| phospholipids | lipids)a lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group
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| polymer | organic chem) long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together by covalent bonds.
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| protein | organic chem)a biologically functional molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure
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| R group | protein)sidechain specific to each amino acid that confers particular chemical properties to the amino acid
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| ribonucleic acid | nucleic acids)A type of nucleic acid consisting of a poly nucleotide made up of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and a nitrogenous bases
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| ribose | nucleic acids)a complex of RNA and protein molecules that function as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm consists of a large and small subunit. Eukaryotic cells, each subunit is assembled in the nucleolus.
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| saturated fats | lipids)a fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bond, does maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that are attracted to the carbon skeleton
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| unsaturated fats | lipds)a fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
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| 3' | nucleic acids)Each end of DNA molecule has a number. One end is referred to as 5' (five prime) and the other end is referred to as 3
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| 5' | nucleic acids)Each end of DNA molecule has a number. One end is referred to as 5' (five prime) and the other end is referred to as 3
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| alpha helice | protein)a coiled region constitution one form of the secondary structure of proteins, arising from a specific pattern of hydrogen bonding between atoms of the polypeptide backbone
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| antiparellel- in regards to DNA | nucleic acids)referring to the arrangement of the sugar phosphate Backbones in a DNA double helix.
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| beta-sheet | protein)one form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth.
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| convalent bond | basic chem)a type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons
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| double helix | nucleic acids)the form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent antiparallel polynucleotide strands wound around and the imaginary axis into a spiall shape
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| peptide | protein)
they comes Island bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on another, formed by a dehydration reaction
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| polypeptide | protein)
a polymer of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds
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| primary structure | protein)
the level of protein structure referring to the specific linear sequence of amino acids
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| secondary structure | protein
regions of repetitive coiling or folding of the polypeptide backbone of a protein due to hydrogen bonding between constituents of the backbone
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| subunit | a single protein molecule that assembles with other protein molecules to form a protein complex.(organic chem)
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| synthesis |
Creation of something, the process of combining two or more components to reproduce an entity
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| tertiary structure |
the overall shape of a protein molecule due to interactions of amino acid side chains, including hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges.
(protein)
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| sugar-phosphate backbone |
form stick structural framework of nucleic acids including DNA and RNA. this backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups and the fund's directionality of the molecule.
(nucleic acids)
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