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Chapter 4 Vocabulary

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Term
Definition
Transition zone   An area of spatial change where the peripheries of two adjacent realm or regions join.  
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Geographic information system (GIS)   A form of spatial analysis that integrates computer hardware, mapping software, and such specialized tools as models and algorithms.  
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Digital elevation model   A representation of a unit of terrain obtained from remote sensing imagery  
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Land hemisphere   The half of the globe containing the greatest amount of land surface centered on Western Europe  
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City-states   An independent political entity consisting of a single city with(out) an immediate hinterland  
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Local functional specialization   A hallmark of Europe’s economy economic geography that later spread to many other parts of the world  
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Industrial Revolution   Term applied to the social and economic changes in agriculture, commerce, and especially manufacturing and urbanization that resulted from technological innovations  
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Sovereignty   Controlling power and influence over a territory, especially by the government of an autonomous state over the people it rules  
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Nation state   A country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity.  
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Nation   A term encompassing all the citizens of a state  
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Indo-European languages   The major world language family that dominates the European geographic realm.  
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Complementarity   Exists when two regions, through an exchange of raw materials and/or finished products, can specifically satisfy each other’s demands.  
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Transferability   The capacity to move a good from one place to another at a bearable cost; the ease with which a commodity may be transported.  
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Central Business district (CBD)   The downtown heart of a central city. (high land values, a concentration of business and commerce, and the clustering of the tallest buildings.)  
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Centrifugal forces   Designates forces that tends to divide a country  
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Centripetal forces   Forces that unite and bind a country together  
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Supranationalism   A venture involving three or more states  
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Euro zone   The 19 countries whose official currency is the euro  
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Schengen Area   Territory constituted by most of Europe’s countries within which people are free to cross international boundaries without formal border checks.  
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Four Motors of Europe   Rhône-Alpes (France), Baden-Württemberg (Germany), Catalonia (Spain), and Lombardy (Italy). High-technology-driven region  
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Devolution   Process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength  
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Asylum   Legally protected residency status  
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Microstate   A sovereign state that contains a minuscule land are and population  
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Urban system   Hierarchical network or grouping of urban areas within a finite geographic area  
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Primate city   A country’s largest city  
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Site   Internal locational attributes of an urban center  
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Situation   External locational attributes of an urban center  
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Estuary   The widening mouth of a river as it reaches the sea  
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Conurbation   Identifies a large multi metropolitan complex formed by the coal scene of two or more major urban areas  
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Landlocked location   An interior state wholly surrounded by land  
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World-city   A large city with particularly significant international linkages that also has a high ranking in the global urban system.  
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Metropolis   Urban agglomeration consisting of a central city and its suburban ring  
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Break-of-bulk   A location along a transport route where goods must be transferred from one carrier to another  
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Entrepôt   A place where goods are imported, stored, and transshipment  
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Shatter belt   Region caught between stronger, colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals  
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Balkanization   Fragmentation of a region into smaller, often hostile political units  
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Irredentism   A policy of cultural extension and potential political expansion by a state aimed at a community of its nationals living in a neighboring state  
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Exclave   A bounded (non-island) piece of territory that is part of a particular state but lies separated from it by the territory of another state.  
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Created by: AllisonSinger
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