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Chapter 4

Chapter 4 Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Transition zone An area of spatial change where the peripheries of two adjacent realm or regions join.
Geographic information system (GIS) A form of spatial analysis that integrates computer hardware, mapping software, and such specialized tools as models and algorithms.
Digital elevation model A representation of a unit of terrain obtained from remote sensing imagery
Land hemisphere The half of the globe containing the greatest amount of land surface centered on Western Europe
City-states An independent political entity consisting of a single city with(out) an immediate hinterland
Local functional specialization A hallmark of Europe’s economy economic geography that later spread to many other parts of the world
Industrial Revolution Term applied to the social and economic changes in agriculture, commerce, and especially manufacturing and urbanization that resulted from technological innovations
Sovereignty Controlling power and influence over a territory, especially by the government of an autonomous state over the people it rules
Nation state A country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity.
Nation A term encompassing all the citizens of a state
Indo-European languages The major world language family that dominates the European geographic realm.
Complementarity Exists when two regions, through an exchange of raw materials and/or finished products, can specifically satisfy each other’s demands.
Transferability The capacity to move a good from one place to another at a bearable cost; the ease with which a commodity may be transported.
Central Business district (CBD) The downtown heart of a central city. (high land values, a concentration of business and commerce, and the clustering of the tallest buildings.)
Centrifugal forces Designates forces that tends to divide a country
Centripetal forces Forces that unite and bind a country together
Supranationalism A venture involving three or more states
Euro zone The 19 countries whose official currency is the euro
Schengen Area Territory constituted by most of Europe’s countries within which people are free to cross international boundaries without formal border checks.
Four Motors of Europe Rhône-Alpes (France), Baden-Württemberg (Germany), Catalonia (Spain), and Lombardy (Italy). High-technology-driven region
Devolution Process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength
Asylum Legally protected residency status
Microstate A sovereign state that contains a minuscule land are and population
Urban system Hierarchical network or grouping of urban areas within a finite geographic area
Primate city A country’s largest city
Site Internal locational attributes of an urban center
Situation External locational attributes of an urban center
Estuary The widening mouth of a river as it reaches the sea
Conurbation Identifies a large multi metropolitan complex formed by the coal scene of two or more major urban areas
Landlocked location An interior state wholly surrounded by land
World-city A large city with particularly significant international linkages that also has a high ranking in the global urban system.
Metropolis Urban agglomeration consisting of a central city and its suburban ring
Break-of-bulk A location along a transport route where goods must be transferred from one carrier to another
Entrepôt A place where goods are imported, stored, and transshipment
Shatter belt Region caught between stronger, colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals
Balkanization Fragmentation of a region into smaller, often hostile political units
Irredentism A policy of cultural extension and potential political expansion by a state aimed at a community of its nationals living in a neighboring state
Exclave A bounded (non-island) piece of territory that is part of a particular state but lies separated from it by the territory of another state.
Created by: AllisonSinger
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