final
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| coming out | the process of defining oneself as gay or lesbian
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| homophobia | the fear and hatred of homosexuality
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| sexual identity | the definition of oneself that is formed around one's sexual relationships
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| sexual orientation | the attraction that people feel for people of the same or different sex
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| sexual revolution | the widespread changes in men's and women's roles and a greater public acceptance of sexuality as normal part of social developement
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| social construction perspective | a theoretical perspective that explains sex id or any other id as created and learned within a cultural, social, and historical context
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| achievement test | test intended to measure what is actually learned rather than potential
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| church | a formal organization that sees itself and is senn by society as a primary and legitimate religious institution
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| cult | the religious group devoted to a specific cause or charismatic leader
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| endogamy | the practice of seecting mates from within one's group
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| exogamy | the process of selecting mates outside one's groups
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| extended families | the whole networks of parents, children, and other relatives who form a family unit and often reside together
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| kinship system | the patterns of relationships that define people's family relationships to one another
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| monogamy | the marriage practice of a secually exclusive marriage with one spouse at a time
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| monotheism | the worship of a single god
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| patriarchal religion | religion in which the beliefs and practices of the religion are based on male power and authority
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| polytheism | the worship of more than one diety
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| profane | that which is of the everyday, secular world and is specifically not religious
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| religion | an institutionalized system of symbols, beliefs, values and practices by which a group of people interprets and responds to what they feel is sacred and that provides answers to questions of ultimate meaning
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| religious extremism | actions and beliefs that are driven by high levels of religious intolerance
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| sect | groups which have broken off from an established church
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| secular | the ordinary beliefs of dailyl life that are specificaly not religious
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| anorexia nervosa | a condition characterized by compulsive dieting resulting in self-starvation
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| cognitive ability | the capacity for abstract thinking
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| cognitive elite | the idea that there is a presumably genetically based elite class in the United States containing those with high IQs, high incomes, and prestigious jobs
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| defensive medicine | practiced by physicians who order extra tests on a patient in an effort to fend off a lawsuit by the patient
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| epidemiology | the study of all factors-biological, social, economic, and cultural-that are associated with disease and health
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| health maintenance organization (HMO) | a cooperative of doctors asnd other medical personnel who provide medical services inexchange for a set membership fee
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| managed care | use of collective bargaining as part of a large collection of HMOs
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| medicaid | a governmental assistance program that provides health care assistance for the poor, including the elderly
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| medicare | a governmental assistance program established in the 1960s to provide health services for older americans
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| standardized ability test (SAT) | tests given to large populations and scored with respect to population averages
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| stigma | an attribute that is socially devalued and discredited
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| tracking | grouping, or stratifying, students in school on the basis of ability test scores
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| alienation | the feeling of powerlessness and separation from one's group or society
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| authority | power that is perceived by others as legitimate
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| bureacracy | a type of formal organization characturized by an authority hierarchy, a clear division of labor, explict rules and impersonality
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| capitalism | an economic system based on the principles of market, competition, private property, and the pursuit of profit
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| communism | an economic system where the state is the sole owner of the systems or production
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| deindustrialization | the transition from a predominatly goods production economy to one based on the provision of services
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| glass ceiling | popular concept referring to the limits that women and minorites experience in job mobility
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| interest group | a constituency in society organized to promote its own agenda
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| multinational corporations | corporations that conduct business across national borders
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| political action committees (PAC) | groups of people who organize to support candidates they feel will represent their views
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| postindustrial society | a society economically dependent upon the production adn distribution of services, information and knowledge
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| power | a person or groups ability to exercise influence and control over others
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| propaganda | information diseeminated by a group or organization such as the state intended to justify its own power
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| socialism | an economic institution characterized by state ownership and management of the basic industries
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| state | the organized system of power and authority in society
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| xenophobia | the fear and hatred of foreigners
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| census | a count of the entire population of a country
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| demography | the scientific study of population
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| emigration | migration of people from one society to another (also called out-migration)
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| global warming | the systematic increase in world-wide surface temperatures
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| greenhouse effect | a rise in the earth's surface temperature caused by heat trapped by excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere; global warming
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| human ecology | the study of the interdependence between humans and their physical enviroment
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| life expectancy | the average number of years individuals and the particular groups can expect to live
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| malthusian theory | after T.R. Malthus, the principle that a population, tends to grow faster than the subsistence (food) level needed to sustain it.
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| population density | the number of people per square mile
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| urbanization | the process by which a community acquires the characteristics of city life
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| collectitive behavior | behavior that occurs when the usual conventions are suspended and people collectively establish new norms of behavior in response to an emerging situation
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| cultural diffusion | the transmission of cultural elements from one society or cultural group to another
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| gemeinshaft | german word for community, a state characterized by a sense of common feeling among the members of a society, including strong personal ties, sturdy primary group memberships, and a sense of personal loyalty to one another, associated with rural life
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| gesellshaft | a type of society in which incrasing importance is placed on the secondary relationships people have-that is, less intimate and more instrumental relationships
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| inner-directedness | a condition wherein the individuals behavior is guided by internal principles and morals
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| moderization | a process of social and cultural change that is initiated by industrialization and followed by increase of social differentiation and division of labor.
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| other-directedness | a condition wherein the individual's behavior is guided by the behavior of others
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| radical movements | social movements that seek fundamental change in the structureof society
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| reactionary movements | social movements organized to resist change or to reinstate an earlier social order that participants perceive to be better
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| reform movements | social movements that seek change through legal or other mainstream political means, by working within exisiting institutions
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| revolution | the overthrow of a state or the total transformation of central state institutions
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| social/political change movements | a type of social movement that intends to change some status quo aspect of society, such as the civil rights movement or the enviromental movement
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