review of Drugs for Pharm HESI exam - 1
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| Commonly used for UTI infections, but be careful w sun exposure bc I can cause bad burns. I should be taken w/full glass of water on an empty stomach. | Bactrim (Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim)
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| Can be used for a variety of infections from STD's to ENT infections. CHeck for allergies. I should not be taken with acidic juices bc it decreases the absorbtion. | Penicillin
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| 3rd generation cephalosporin that is long acting. I cross the blood brain barrier easily and can be used to treat meningitis. Be careful w severe liver disease. | Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
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| I am the first generation cephalosporin that has increased coverage against urinary tract infections. | Cefazolin O.K. but also Keflex
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| Used for upper and lower RI, Chlamydia, and gonorrhea. I may need to be taken w food to decrease the risk of GI upset. I should not be taken with antacids. | Macrolides (Erythromycin & Zithromycin)
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| Used to treat variety of infections, but not used all that often..should not be used in pregnancy or small children bc can cause softening of bones/teeth.Can also cause discoloring of teeth. Be careful w sun exposure bc i can cause bad sun burns. | Tetracyclines
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| Used to treat infections caused by variety of organisms. Can cause ototoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Be careful w using with loop diuretics bc of increased risk of ototoxicity. | Aminoglycosides - Gentamycin, tobramycin, etc.
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| Broad Sprectrum antibiotic, used for variety of infections. Can cause EKG changes. Do not take with antacids. There are two in this group. One is the drug choice for Antrax poisening. | Fluoroquinoloes: Cipro, Levaquin
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| Treats abdominal and gynecologic infections. Relatively safe during pregnancy. Alcohol should be avoided bc of 'anabuse' types effects if combines w alcohol. Can be taken orally or in IV form. | Flagyl (metronidazole)
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| Antibiotic that is reserved for serious infections, including MRSA. I can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Lab work has to be watched carefully (peak and trough). Be sure to avoid infusing too fast bc it can cause red man syndrome. | Vancocin (vancomycin)
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| The two of us are used to treat high blood pressure. We are easy to identify bc we both end in "pril". We can cause a cough, hypotension, and hyperkalemia. | Enalolapril and captopril (ACE inhibitors)
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| We are used to treat high bolld pressure. We end in "olol" and can cause bronchospasm and CHF so use us cautiously with respiratory processes. Be sure to monitor BP and pulse. | Lopressor (metopropolol) and Tenormin (atenolol) (Beta Blocker)
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| Treat high blood pressure and angina. One of us has the off label use of treating preterm labor. We are smooth muscle relaxants and can cause HA, fatigue, dysrhythmias, and drowsiness. | Calcium Channel Blockers - Cardiazem (dililazem), Procadia (off label use for PTL) (nifedipine) etc
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| Used to treat angina, both stable and unstable. We work by dilating wessels. We can cause hypotension and reflex tachycardia, but should not be given with patients with head injury. We must be given by SL or topical form to prevent first pass effect. | Nitro Stat (nitroglycerin) SL: Nitro-Bid (nitroglycerin) Topical
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| Used for dysrhythmias,esp supraventrcl rhythms such as a-fib.B4 admin. its imprnt u monitor the apical pulse for 1 min(hold if less than 60).You will often notice yellow-green halos around lights if levels are getting to high. Digibind is the antidote. | Lanoxin (digoxin)
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| I am used to treat diabetes. I am available in oral form. I should be stopped before having CT scan. Be sure to monitor blood glucose level before admin meds. | Glucophage (metformin)
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| Used to treat type I and type II diabetes. We all work the same way, but in different time frames. Who are we? Be sure to moniter blood sugar before admin. medication. | Insulin
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| Used 2 thin the blood..important 2 monitor for S&S of bleeding.U need to monitor PTT. Has a short duration of action; can be given IV/sub-Q..antidote is protamine sulfate.Can be used in the treatment of AFib 2 prevent blood clots from forming/progressing. | Heparin
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| Used to thin the blood. I have decreased risk of bleeding. Dosage is based on weight. I am given sub-Q. The antidote is protamine sulfate. | Lovenox
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| Usually given PO to treat a variety of diseased that cause clots, such as A-fib, DVTs or PEs. It may take several days to become therapeutic. Be sure to eat a constant amount of vit-K rich foods and monitor the PT and INR level. | Coumadin (warfarin)
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| Prevent MI by inhibiting platelet aggregation. You should monitor for bleeding. Be sure to ask physician b4 taking OTC meds that can cause bleeding | Plvix
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| Used to "bust" clots. Be sure to keep on bed rest and monitor for bleeding. Patients who have had recent surgery are not candidates | Thrombolytic: t-PA (alteplase): Streptase (streptokinase)
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| Important to cardiac function. too much or too little can cuase life threatening cardiac problems. The normal serum range is 3.5-5.3. Can be obtained by eating fruits, vegetables, and dairy products. | Potassium
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| Synthetic derivative that promotes sythesis of RBC's to help promote energy. I am often used for patients with cancer and renal failure. | Epogen
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| A deficiency of this can lead to beriberi disease.I am a vitamin that is commonly low alcoholics or poor diet. | B1 (thiamine)
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| Essential Vitamin. It is the principal nutrient that is deficient in the US. Pregnant patients are often low in this. I am best absorbed with vitamin C. | Iron
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| Used for the management of nausea. I can be given IV, PO, IM, PR, or topical. | Phenergan (promethazine)
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| Used to treat mild to moderate pain. Some forms can be bought OTC. Monitor pain level before and after medication. | Motrin (ibuprophen)
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| I can be bought OTC. I can be used to treat mild pain or fever. An overdose can cause liver damage. If you overdose you can administer Mucomyst. | Tylenol (acetaminophen)
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| Used for a variety of uses including MI prevention, pain control, fever or inflammation. I should not be given to shildren due to the risk of Reye syndrome. Be sure to monitor for bleeding, and monitor pleteley count. | Salicylates (aspirin)
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| Used to manage moderate or severe pain medication. We do have a higher risk of addiction. I can cause constipation, drowsiness and respiratory depression. The antidote is Narcan. | Opiods (duramorph, Tylenol 3, Dolophine, Demerol, OxyContin, Dilaudid, Lortab)
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| Used to treat anxiety or insomnia. Can used to treat acute seizures. Can cause dizziness and drowziness. You should avoid alcohol, don't stop abruptly, and avoid driving. | Valium (diazepam); Ativan (lorazepam)
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| Used to treat depression. We can cause insomnia and anticholinergic effects. Do not stop abruptly, avoid alcohol, do not operate heavy machinery. Instruct pt that will take several weeks to be effective...Can increase suicidal tendencies in some people. | Zoloft (zertraline); Prozac (fluoxetine) SSRls
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| Used to treat Parkinson disease. Eye twitching can be a sign of toxicity. Medication should not be stopped abruptly. Be sure to monitor mood and affect and affect closely. | Sinemet (carbidopa/levodopa)
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| Used to decrease the immune reponse. I can cause weight gain, hyperglycemia, change in mood, and can mask the symptons of infection. I am often used to treat acute lung disease. | Steroids are the answer
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| Taken to prevent asthma. A mixture or a corticosteroid and bronchodilator. I should not be used for acute attacks. A short acting inhaler should still be used for acute attacks. | Advair (fluticasone and salmeterol)
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| A drug that is used to treat CHF. I can 'pull' a large amount of fluid , but with fluid I also pull potassium. Be sure to increase K rick foods and monitor K levels. It is also important to monitor BP and I&O bc of hypotension and dehydration. | Lasix (furosomide)
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| Used to treat elevated lipid levels. Sometimes called the statin drugs. Be sure to monitor liver function studies and lipid levels while on these drugs. We should be used in conjunction with balances diet and an excercise program. | Anti-lipidemics: Niacin (lovastatin); Zocor (simvastatin); Liptor (atorvastatin)
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| Drugs that are used to treat Alzheimer's disease. I can cause HA, rash, and urinary frequency. If we are effective you should see cognitive improvement including reasoning and memory. | Namenda (memantine) an anti-alzheimer's agent
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| Drug that can be used as a sedative or antianxiety med. Often used to cause some therapeutic amnesia. I cause CNS depression so i can cause apnea or respiratory depression. Be sure to monitor VS carefully and ensure safety. | Versed
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| Drugs given to treat a candidiasis infection. Caution using pregnancy. I can cause GI symptoms. | Diflucan (fluconazole) antifungals
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| We are a group of drups used to treat diarrhea. Be sure to monitor frequency of stools and electrolytes. If effective you should see a decrease in diarrhea. We can lead to rebound constipation, dry mouth, and dizziness. | Anti-diarrheal: pepto Bismol, Imodium, Lomotil
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| Used to treat constipation. Can lead to diarrhea. Be sure to monitor for diarrhea and electrolyte imbalance if diarrhea occurs. Stop treatment if diarrhea occurs. | Laxative: Metamucil,Dulcolax,Colace, Milk of Magnesia
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| Improve cardiac output by increasing the heart rate and BP and are indicated in heart failure, shock, and atrioventricular block dysrhythmias, and cardiac arrest. | Beta-1 agonist
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| effective for bronchoconstriction in respiratory disorders, such as asthma | beta-2 receptors
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| This drug is a palliative treatment modality to manage symptoms related to compression due to tumor growth. | Dexamethasone (Decadron)
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| an opioid analgesic used in oncology to manage severe or intractable pain. | Morphine Sulfate (Duromorph)
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| Nonsteroid antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) provides relief for mild to moderate pain, suppression of inflammation, and reduction of fever. | Ibepro
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