Viruses and Their Replication
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| show | virion
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| show | the entry of a virus/virus genome into a suitable cell
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| show | a virus CANNOT respond until entry into a cell
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| show | the virus genome
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| the capsid of a virus is composed of small proteins called | show 🗑
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| a naked capsid is | show 🗑
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| show | the envelope is made of a phospholipid bilayer (similar to an animal cell plasma membrane) and a nucleocapsid which includes the nucleic acid and the capsid
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| what is the main purpose of the capsid | show 🗑
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| show | SOME viruses contain virus-specific enzymes
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| show | 1) virulent (lytic) and 2) lysogenic
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| show | LYTIC cycle the virus replicates and destroys the host
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| show | lytic cycle redirects the cell metabolism to replicate itself and grow more viruses
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| show | lytic cycle the virus causes the cell to lyse and release new viruses
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| in the lysogenetic cycle the host cell (is/is not) destroyed | show 🗑
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| how does the lysogenic virus infection alter the cell | show 🗑
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| list the types of genomes that are found in capsids of viruses | show 🗑
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| show | the virus genome can be BOTH linear and circular
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| show | the viral mRNA that will be directly translated
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| show | complementary base sequence to viral mRNA
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| viruses that only infect bacteria are called | show 🗑
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| show | they are used to study microbiology
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| show | the capsid
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| the capsid is composed of _____________________ arranged in precise pattern | show 🗑
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| Describe the structure of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) | show 🗑
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| when virion assembly is spontaneous | show 🗑
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| show | rod (symmetrical about an axis formed by a helix), spherical (radial symmetry created by icosohedral)
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| generally speaking, an icosohedral (spherical symmetrical) virus has _______________ triangles, __________________ verticies, and ____, ____, ______ axes | show 🗑
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| show | it is the mores efficient arrangement with the smallest number of capsomeres per face
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| describe the shape of the T4 virion body shape | show 🗑
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| describe the shape of enveloped viruses | show 🗑
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| envelope viruses primarily infect (animal/bacterial) cells | show 🗑
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| show | the envelope attaches to the plasma membrane and the nucleocapsid is let into the cell
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| the envelope (does/does not) assist with the virion exiting lysed cells | show 🗑
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| in the case of an infection, the penetration of an envelope into a cell is determined by | show 🗑
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| there (are/are not) virus-specific envelopes | show 🗑
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| show | viruses do no carry out metabolic processes
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| show | help to lyse the cell wall and aid in the release of the virus from the host
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| show | neurominidase
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| show | retroviruses only infect ANIMAL cells
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| retroviruses only use __________________________________ enzymes to replicate DNA intermediates | show 🗑
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| how are virus infections in Bacteria/Archaea different from virus infections in eukaryotes | show 🗑
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| show | permissive
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| what are the five steps in virus - infection | show 🗑
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| _______________________ is the amount of time for a virion's number to increase in a culture medium | show 🗑
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| at what point is the virion number considered to have increased | show 🗑
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| show | 1) eclipse phase and 2) maturation phase
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| what characteristics are part of the eclipse phase | show 🗑
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| show | maturation phase
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| show | the number of mature virions release after a cell lyses
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| show | in the attachment phases, viruses can attack ONLY SPECIFIC CELLS
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| viruses can only attack specific cells during an infections, why | show 🗑
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| if a mutation causes a change in a specific viral receptor on a cell, what will happen | show 🗑
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| what are cell receptors made out of | show 🗑
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| show | after binding to a receptor, changes will occur in the virion and the host cell
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| the virion attaches to the host cell, changes then occur in both virion and host cell, then what happens. | show 🗑
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| in Bacteria and Archaea, the penetration step is characterized by | show 🗑
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| show | double stranded DNA (folded)
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| show | series of tail fibers and tail pins attached to a icosohedral head
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| the point(s of attachment for a Bacteriophage T4 is/are) | show 🗑
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| show | tail tube
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| show | Toxin-Antitoxin modules and Antiviral system (CRISPR)
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| show | an enzymes that cleaves DNA at specific sites
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| what is the name of the mechanism in Bacteria and Archaea that uses restriction endonuclease to cleave virus DNA out of normal DNA | show 🗑
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| how does host use viral DNA to make it into its own genome | show 🗑
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| how is modification done | show 🗑
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| show | substitutes base 5-hydroxymethycytosine in place of cytosine
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| show | T4 primase and helicase
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| what is circular permutation | show 🗑
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| show | terminally redundant
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| what is a concatemer in DNA | show 🗑
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| what is headfull packing | show 🗑
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| show | Transcription + Translation
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| _______________ begins almost immediately after a virus invades a cell | show 🗑
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| show | - early proteins
- middle proteins
- late protiens
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| show | synthesis and glucosylation in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, replisome, produce copies of phage-specific genome, modify host RNA polymerase
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| show | additional RNA polymerase and modifying proteins, producing structural + release proteins (head and tail proteins)
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| what do T4 modifications to host RNA do | show 🗑
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| what shuts down normal cell transcription during an infection | show 🗑
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| what is the function of anti-sigma factors | show 🗑
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| after anti-sigma factors are bound to RNA polymerase, what happens | show 🗑
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| During headful packing, ATP is provided by the | show 🗑
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| what are the three stages of the headful packing | show 🗑
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| show | capsid assembly (but it's empty), scaffolding and structural protein building
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| during the packing morot stage of headful packing... | show 🗑
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| during the motor discarding phase of the headful packing... | show 🗑
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| show | breaks by osmotic lysing
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| T4 viruses (always/only sometimes/never) kills it's host | show 🗑
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| show | a virus that contains a double-stranded DNA, but establishes long-term relationships with their host via lysogeny
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| what happens to viral DNA when it enters the cell via lysogeny | show 🗑
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| show | lysogen
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| lysogenic conversion is | show 🗑
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| show | Lambda and P1
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| what the the Lambda form of lysogeny | show 🗑
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| show | the viral genome exists inside the cell as a plasmid
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| show | a viral genome that is living inside a lysogen
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| show | the prophage will replicate along with the host cell and activation genes remain repressed
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| show | repressive protein
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| show | induction
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| what happens during inductions of a lysogen | show 🗑
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| describe the genome of bacteriophage Lambda | show 🗑
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| what happens when the Bacteriophage Lambda enters a lytic pathway | show 🗑
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| show | Lambda integrase
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| what determines which direction the type of cycle that the cell will take after it infects a bacterial cell | show 🗑
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| name the two main repressor proteins | show 🗑
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| show | represses transcription of Cro (lambda-encoded genes), the virus genome integrates into the host genome
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| under the (cI protein/Cro) accumulation, the host cell will continue a normal life cycle until triggered by a stressor | show 🗑
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| show | represses the function of cII (which controls cI activation) and forces the Lambda to travel to the lytic pathway
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| show | animal cells will engulf the entire virion, bacterial virion will "inject" their virion
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| show | in animal cells site of replication is in the nucleus
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| in (all/animal/bacterial) cells, viruses bind to receptors in order to initiate infection. | show 🗑
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| show | animals have different systems, the cells in each system have different receptors. this is why you can only get a cold in your respiratory system
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| show | endocytosis or the nuclear envelope fuses with the cytoplasmic membrane
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| if the viral genome is DNA, what happens after the virion enters into the host cell | show 🗑
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| show | the RNA genome is replicated/converted to DNA within the nucleocapsid
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| show | 1) virulent infection, 2) latent infection, 3) persistent infection, 4) transformation
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| show | virulent infection
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| of the four types of infections in animal cells, which one is the most common | show 🗑
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| show |
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Created by:
kandriot
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