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Life-Span Human Development, 9th edition: Social Cog & Moral Dev

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Term
Definition
social cognition   show
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show A research paradigm used to assess an important aspect of a theory of mind, mainly the understanding that people can hold incorrect beliefs and be influenced by them.  
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show The understanding that people have mental states (feelings, desires, beliefs, intentions) and that these states underlie and help explain their behavior.  
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desire psychology   show
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show The theory of mind reflecting an understanding that people’s desires and beliefs guide their behavior and that their beliefs are not always an accurate reflection of reality; evident by age 4. Contrast with desire psychology.  
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show Neural cells in several brain areas that are activated not only when we perform an action but also when we observe someone else performing it. Implicated in imitation, theory of mind skills, empathy, and language.  
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mind-mindedness   show
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show The ability to assume other people’s perspectives and understand their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors; roletaking skills.  
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morality   show
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empathy   show
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show Positive actions toward other people such as helping and cooperating.  
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antisocial behavior   show
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show The cognitive component of morality; the thinking that occurs when people decide whether acts are right or wrong.  
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show Kohlberg’s term for the first two stages of moral reasoning, in which society’s rules are not yet internalized and judgments are based on the punishing or rewarding consequences of an act.  
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conventional morality   show
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show The mutual give and take by both parties in a human relationship that forms an important basis for morality.  
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postconventional morality   show
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show According to Bandura, the ability to avoid self-condemnation when engaged in immoral behavior by justifying, minimizing, or blaming others for one’s actions.  
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show Lacking any sense of morality; without standards of right and wrong.  
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show The ability to control or regulate one’s desires, impulses, and behavior.  
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show A close, affectively positive, and cooperative relationship in which child and parent are attached to each other and are sensitive to each other’s needs; a contributor to moral development.  
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show The willingness to give up a reward now for a more desirable reward later; related to self-control.  
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show Standards of conduct that focus on the basic rights and privileges of individuals. Contrast with social-conventional rules.  
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show Standards of conduct determined by social consensus that indicate what is appropriate within a particular social setting. Contrast with moral rules.  
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show A form of discipline that involves withholding attention, affection, or approval after a child misbehaves.  
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power assertion   show
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induction   show
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show Parenting tactics that prevent misbehavior and therefore reduce the need for discipline (for example, teaching values, removing temptations).  
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show Viewing being caring, fair, honest, and otherwise moral as a central aspect of who you are.  
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show Lawbreaking by a minor.  
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conduct disorder   show
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hostile attribution bias   show
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coercive family environment   show
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show Repeatedly inflicting harm through words or actions on weaker peers who cannot or do not defend themselves.  
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show An approach that emphasizes developing the strengths of youth rather than reducing their problem behaviors.  
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dual-process model of morality   show
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religiousness   show
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show A search for ultimate meaning in life that may or may not be carried out in the context of religion. Contrast with religiousness.  
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