B&B Final
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| show | disorders of psychological function sufficiently severe to require treatment by a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist
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| DSM-IV-TR | show 🗑
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| show | splitting of psychic functions; breakdown of integration among emotion, thought, and action
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| Stuporous Catatonic Schizophrenia | show 🗑
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| show | React like a mannequin, not resisting movement but holding new position until moved again
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| Symptoms of Schizophrenia | show 🗑
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| show | 1st Anti-schizophrenic drug.1st developed as an antihystamine. Agitates schizos were calmed and emotionally unresponsive activated. Reduced symptoms enough for discharge. Typical, phenothiazine. Antagonist at dopaminergic synapses. Caused more metabolites
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| show | Active ingredient in snakeroot plant that was once used for treatment of schizophrenia, but was then recalled because it caused dangerously low blood pressure levels. Typical, phenothiazine
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| Striatum | show 🗑
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| show | theory that schizophrenia is caused by too much dopamine and that anti-schizophrenic drugs exert their effects by decreasing dopamine levels. Contradiction=schizos have same amt of dopamine in brain
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| Fantosnias | show 🗑
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| show | 1reserpine known 2 deplete brain/dopamine &other monoamines by breakdown synap vesicles that store these neurotransmitters 2drugs like amphetamine & coke ^ extracell levels / dopamine &monoamines in brain & 2 cause schizophrenic breaks in normal subjects.
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| show | molecules created when another molecule is broken down Extracell levels of metabolites are increased by chloropromazine
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| Receptor blocker | show 🗑
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| show | 1of most potent anti-schiz drugs,only effective drug that has low affinity 4 dopamine receptors.Bind only 2 d2 receptors Type/butyrophenone
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| show | ie chlorpromazine,reserpine; all bind 2 D1 + D2 receptors. Heather took it in the movie. Will cause Parkinson like symptoms by destroying dopamine receptors
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| show | Only bind 2 d2 dopamine receptors ie Haloperodol & spiroperidol
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| show | anti-schiz drugs more effective in treating positive schiz symptoms than negative
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| Spiroperidol | show 🗑
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| show | 1st atypical neuroleptic4treatment / schiz. has affinity 4 d1 receptors, D4, & serotonin receptors,slight affinity 4 D2 receptors. Often effective in treating schizophrenics who have not responded to typical neuroleptics &doesnt->Parkinsony sidefx
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| show | evidence that D2 receptors not sole mechanism /schiz Anti-schiz drugs not primarily D2 receptor blockers ieClozapine.
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| show | More responsive2 neuroleptics=incoherence hallucinations&delusions,flight of ideas, odd behavior, motor problems Assume cause=neural activity.
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| Negative Schizophrenic symptoms | show 🗑
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| Depression | show 🗑
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| show | loss of capacity to experience pleasure. Symptom of depression
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| show | affective disorder;overconfidence, impulsivity, distractibility, high energy episodes=people r talkative, energetic, impulsive, positive, very confident
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| Bipolar affective disorder (manic depression) | show 🗑
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| show | Depressives who do not experience manic episodes
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| show | symptom of Bipolar disorder. Transitional states between mania and depression associated with particularly high suicide rates
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| show | Depression triggered by a negative experience
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| show | depression with no apparent cause
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| show | attacks of depression and lethargy typically occurring every winter. Often treatable through light therapy
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| Iproniazid | show 🗑
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| show | Iproniazid blocks this. Enzyme that breaks down monoamine neurotransmitters in the cytoplasm of the neuron.
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| show | include Iproniazid. Can cause the cheese effect
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| show | Sidefct/MAO inhibitors tyramine (in cheese, wine,pickles)metabolized by MAO in liver.MAO inhibitors prevent this-people on these meds & consume tyramine-strokes from surge in BP. blocks norepinephrine and serotonin. Dangerous
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| show | amine in wine, cheese, pickles. Not broken down w/o MAO (prevented by MAO inhibitors)> buildup cause BP surge + strokes→ cheese effect
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| show | antidepressants w/structure made of 3 atom rings ie imipramine Block serotonin+norepinephrine reuptake>^levels in brain Safer alternatives 2 MAO inhibitors
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| Imipramine | show 🗑
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| show | metallic ion blocks mania, mood stabilizer
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| Mood stabilizer | show 🗑
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| show | serotonin agonists, exert agonistic fxs block reuptake /serotonin from synapses, ex- prozac and Zoloft. Much higher rate of suicide rate immediately after start taking, esp in teens. Effective 4 conditions other than depression
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| show | 1st SSRI;Prozac
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| show | 1st SSRI developed,Fluoexetine
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| show | another effective form of antidepressants
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| show | Theory of depression,depression<under activity /serotinergic &noradrenergic synapses. basis=monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIS, &selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors=all agonists of serotonin, norepinephrine, or both
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| Up-regulation | show 🗑
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| show | theory depressed ppl inherit diathesis-If exposed 2stress early systems become permanently sensitized>overreact 2 mild stressors 4 rest/life. Th based on observation->depressed ppl release more stress hormones. Maybe cortisol? Came from epigenetics
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| Diathesis | show 🗑
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| show | Depressed individuals synthesize more of this. This is evidence for the diathesis synthesis model of depression
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| Adrenocoticotropic hormone | show 🗑
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| Glucocorticoids | show 🗑
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| show | injections of this synthetic glucocorticoid does not reduce the release of glucocorticoids through negative feedback in many depressed patients, though they do in normal subject.->counterevidence for Diathesis stess model
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| show | chronic fear persists in absence of direct threat
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| show | anxiety disrupt normal function, Associated w/feelings/anxiety (fear worry despondency)&w/variety/psych stress rvns: tachycardia, hypertension (high BP), nausea,breathing difficulty,sleep disturbances,^ glucocorticoid levels. Experiences shape the dsorder
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| Tachycardia | show 🗑
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| Hypertension | show 🗑
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| show | Generalized anxiety disorder,phobic anxiety disorders, panic disorders,OCD, PTSD
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| show | Generalized Anxiety Disorder, phobic anxiety disorder,panic disorder,OCD, PTSD
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| Generalized anxiety disorder | show 🗑
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| Panic disorders | show 🗑
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| show | characterized by frequently recurring, uncontrollable, anxiety-producing thoughts (obsessions) and impulses (compulsions)
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| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | show 🗑
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| Agoraphobia | show 🗑
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| show | include chlordiazepoxide and diazepam. Treat anxiety disorders and also prescribed as hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and muscle relaxants. Agonistic on GABA receptors
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| Chlordiazeperoxide | show 🗑
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| show | type of Benzodiazepine (Valium) used to treat anxiety
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| Buspirone- | show 🗑
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| show | anti-anxiety. Often effective against depression because of comorbidity
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| show | tendency to occur in the same individual—comorbidity of anxiety disorders and depression make it hard to study both
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| show | method of studying Anxiety where rats are places on a 4-armed plus-sign-shaped maze that is 50 cm above the floor. The measure of anxiety is the proportion of time the rats spend in the enclosed arms, rather than venturing onto exposed arms
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| show | rats shocked by wire-wrapped wooden dowel mounted on wall/familiar test chamber. measure/anxiety=amt/time rats spend spraying bedding material from floor of the chamber at the source of the shock with forward thrusting movements of their head and forepaws
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| show | single brief exposure to a cat on the surface of a lab burrow system, rats will flee to their burrow and freeze. The measure of anxiety are the amts of time that the rats spend in freezing and in risk assessment
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| show | a disorder of tics,Some patients also exhibit signs of ADHD, OCD, or both. Onset in childhood or early adolesce. Tics helped by neuroleptics. Current hypoth is that results from excessive dopaminergic innervation of the striatum and associated cortex
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| show | involuntary, repetitive, stereotyped movements or vocalizations. Can be both complex or simple. Neuroleptics can help
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| Complex motor tics | show 🗑
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| show | inarticulate sounds, coprolalia (uttering obscenities), echolalia, and palalia .
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| Coprolalia | show 🗑
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| Echolalia | show 🗑
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| show | repeating own words
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| Translational Research | show 🗑
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| Clinical trials | show 🗑
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| Active Placebos | show 🗑
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| Orphan drugs | show 🗑
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| Translational bottleneck | show 🗑
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| show | attaining sexual gratification from spying on people. Diagnosable in the DSM(But what about watching x-rated movies?)
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| show | in Revolutionary US, people would be diagnosed with this if they questioned the colonies’ fight for independence. Recog in DSM
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| Cultural deviance and relevancy | show 🗑
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| show | believed mental illness =result of disruption in 4 bodily fluids>disturbance of behavior;proposed womans uterus wandered up to eyestreated her by poking her in the eyes with a sharp stick. Now called hysteria
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| sensorium | show 🗑
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| Craniotomy | show 🗑
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| trephine | show 🗑
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| Springer | show 🗑
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| show | prison camp,Stockade. If you step over outer boundary, you’ll be shot. Line is the “deadline”
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| St. Mary’s of Bethlehem | show 🗑
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| Pinel | show 🗑
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| Benjamin Rush&Dorthea Dix | show 🗑
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| show | used to be taken up to the tower of London and beat him until he had a seizure- improved
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| show | cause seizures so severe -would induce seizure before syringe removed, opposing muscle contract @same time+ break bones +tear muscles from bone
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| Electro convulsive schock (ECS) | show 🗑
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| show | started by Freeman,take a small hammer &push down on eye. Metal piece cracks through skull and into brain to sever brain
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| show | research on monkeys’ + frontal lobes. – Nobel prize 4 frontal lobotomies. Thought something in frontal lobe was screwing up the rest of the brain
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| show | followed up on Moniz’ work & did lobotomies on people in a routine way- started doing Trans-orbital frontal leucotomies, 1stone using ice pick from home
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| show | OCD,Trigeminal Noralgia
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| cingulate gyrus | show 🗑
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| show | pain on your face that’s so severe that it causes you to lose consciousness, sometimes occurs 30 times a day,Usually commit suicide,blood vessel impinges on facial nerve,doesn’t respond to pain killers,Frontal lobotomy will make them indifferent to pain
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| show | those with frontal lobotomies have a hard time stopping their behavior. Problem with perserverence
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| show | gutteral laugh, uncontrollable laugh of those with frontal lobotomies.
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| show | People with lobotomies have a perceperation disorder that you get from the actual treatment by the psychiatrist
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| show | paranoid schizophrenia, stuporous catatonic schizophrenia, hebephrenic schizophrenia, simple/undifferentiated schizophrenia,
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| show | develop thinking that everyone is out to get them, accusatory way of thinking
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| Paranoid schizophrenia | show 🗑
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| Amphetamine psychosis | show 🗑
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| show | the guilty mind
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| The machinist | show 🗑
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| show | Killed ppl at abortion clinic, schizophrenia, found guilty
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| Symptoms of depression | show 🗑
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| K. Redfield Jameson | show 🗑
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| show | can decrease the sensitivity of the postsynaptic membrane, so it needs more serotonin. Can be treated with SSRIs, which get the serotonin stock in the synapse instead of reuptake
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| Electroshock Therapy | show 🗑
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| show | Used to be called pre-senile dementia.Amyloid Plaques and Neurofibrillary tangles.
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| show | 1. Smell 2. Memory 3. Math deficits 4. Spatial orientation 5. Cognitive function>> neuron death until loss of cortical functioning and coma-like, reactionary (only) state
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| show | Microtubules in AD patients get tangled up so they can no longer carry neurotransmitters
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| Amyloid Plaques | show 🗑
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| show | AD brains have a ton of aluminum in it--turns out bc they cant adequately get rid of it
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| Prion disease | show 🗑
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| Why is loss of smell the first symptom of AD? | show 🗑
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| show | prion disease found in tribe in Ornio, and other cannibalistic tribes, where males eat the brains of the elders when they die
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| show | prion disese in England that makes your brain spongy
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| show | prion disease you get from ingesting or mingling blood with someone infected
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| show | self-replicating, virus-like protein without a cell membrane. cannot be killed by burning or typical forms of sterilization
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| show | substitute for anti-depressants after patient improves and goes off the drug can improve relapse
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| show | tend to be smaller in patients with tourettes
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| show | Sometimes used as treatment for tourettes
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