BMS263
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| show | A chemical substance of known structure, other than a nutrient or an essential dietary ingredient, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect. Sourced from microorganisms, plants, human cells and animals, minerals and labs
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| show | Made outside the body
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| Endogenous | show 🗑
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| Pharmacodynamics | show 🗑
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| show | How the body affects the drug. E.g. how the body absorbs, transports, metabolises & excretes the drug. It will affect drug action by determining which tissues the drug gets exposed to etc.
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| General Principal of Drug Action | show 🗑
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| Potency | show 🗑
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| show | Concentration at which the drug produces 50% of its maximal response (Effective concentration at 50%)
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| show | The ability of a drug to produce its biological response
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| Drug Targets | show 🗑
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| show | Describes the number of effects the drug produces. Acts selectively on particular cells and tissues and shows a high degree of binding site specificity. It is reciprocal
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| Selectivity | show 🗑
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| show | Activates a receptor. Takes place of endogenous substance. There are full and partial types. Possesses significant efficacy
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| Antagonist | show 🗑
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| Affinity | show 🗑
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| show | How big an effect the drug will have’ when all targets (receptors) are occupied. Describes the tendency of the drug-receptor complex to adopt the active rather than the resting state. The difference between full and partial agonists
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| Full Agonist | show 🗑
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| show | Have some efficacy but are unable to generate a maximal tissue response. Drugs with intermediate levels of efficacy, such that even when 100% of the receptor are occupied the tissue response is sub-maximal
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| Activation | show 🗑
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| show | Drug effect gradually diminishes when given continuously/ repeatedly. Develops in course of minutes. Caused by change in or translocation of receptors, exhausted mediators,increased metabolic degradation, active extrusion from cells & physiological adapt
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| show | More gradual decrease in responsiveness to a drug, taking weeks or days to develop
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| show | The loss of the therapeutic efficacy
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| show | The loss of the effectiveness of antimicrobial or anti-tumour drugs
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| show | In regards to desensitisation. A conformation change that inhibits the efficacy of the drug. E.g. agonist binds but can no longer activate it (type 2 diabetes)
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| show | In regards to desensitisation. Receptors are internalised such that the availability of the receptors is decreased. i.e. There are less receptors for the drug to bind to. E.g. A decrease in b-adrenergic receptors can occur
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| show | In regards to desensitisation. Depletion of substances required for a drug response. E.g. Amphetamines cause the release of amines from neurons. Once there is a depletion of amine stores, these drugs have decreased potency
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| show | In regards to desensitisation. Body produces more enzymes that catalyse the chemical degradation of drug. Usually induction of hepatic drug metabolising enzymes
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| Active Extrusion of Drug | show 🗑
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| Physiological Adaptation | show 🗑
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| Pharmacogenetics | show 🗑
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| Individual Response To Drugs | show 🗑
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| show | One drug can increase the activity and/or unwanted effects of another drug. - e.g. The degradation and clearance of two drugs may involve the same enzyme
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| show | One drug can decrease the activity of another drug. Four main types: Chemical antagonism, Pharmacokinetic antagonism, Block of receptor or block of receptor-effector linkage (competitive vs non-competitive), & Physiological antagonism
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| show | Refers to the uncommon situation where the two substances combine in solution; as a result, the effect of the active drug is lost. Example: The use of chelating agents (dimercaprol) that binds to heavy metals and thus reduce their toxicity
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| show | The antagonist effectively reduces the concentration of the active drug at its site of action. The rate of metabolic degradation of the active drug may be increased
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| show | Drug binds selectively to a particular receptor without activating it, but in such a way as to prevent binding of the agonist. Can be reversible (Reversible bonds with receptor) or irreversible (Antagonist dissociates slowly or not at all from receptor)
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| show | Antagonist and agonist bind to receptor at different sites, or one drug inhibits the activity of the other drug by altering cell signalling down-stream of the receptor. Antagonist blocks the chain of events that lead to a response by action of agonist
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| Physiological Antagonism | show 🗑
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Created by:
Mandyrox300
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