Materials
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| What is Hooke's law | The extension of a spring is directly proportional to its tension, within the limit of proportionality
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| What is the formula for Hooke's law | F=kx
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| What is the limit of proportionality | The point at which F is no longer proportional to x
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| What is the elastic limit | The point beyond which an object no longer returns to its original dimensions once the force is removed
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| What is the equation for strain | ε=x/L
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| What are the units for strain | Strain has no units because it is a ratio
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| Why is the extension per unit force smaller for objects with a larger cross sectional area | The load is being supported over a larger cross sectional area
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| What is the equation for stress | σ=F/A
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| What is the equation for Young's modulus | E=σ/ε
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| Define strain | Extension per unit length
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| Define stress | The force per unit area of a material, where force is at right angles to the surface
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| Define Young's modulus | The stress to strain ratio within the limit of proportionality
(define sub terms: stress and strain)
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| Define UTS | Ultimate tensile strength, the maximum stress before failure
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| Define Elastic behaviour | Returns to original dimensions when force is removed
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| Define Plastic behaviour | Does not return to its original dimensions when the force is removed
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| Define stiffness | The force to extension ratio within the limit of proportionality
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| Define malleable | Under compression, can be beaten out into a sheet,may lose strength
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| Define ductile | Under tension or extension can be drawn out into a wire, does not lose strength
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| Define hardness | Resistance to scratching or abrasion
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| Define brittle | Fails or breaks before plastic deformation
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| Define tough | -Difficult to break
-Resistant to deformation
-Absorbs energy under compression
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| Define strength | Withstands high stresses before failure
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| Define viscosity | Resistance to flow
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| What is Moh's scale of hardness | 1:Talc
2:Gypsum
3:Calcite
4:Fluorspar
5:Anathasite
6:Orthoclose
7:Quartz
8:Topaz
9:Corundum
10:Diamond
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| What type of test do we do to determine a materials position in the Moh's scale of hardness | Scratch test
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| Define density | The mass per unit volume
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| What is the equation for density | ρ=m/v
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| How do we calculate density for a regular solid | -Measure mass using balance
-Measure dimensions with vernier calipers
-Calculate volume
-Calculate density
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| How do we calculate density for a liquid | -Measure mass of empty measuring cylinder
-Pour liquid in
-Measure volume of liquid
-Measure the mass of the cylinder when full
-Subtract the mass of empty cylinder
-Calculate density
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| How do we calculate the density of an irregular solid | -Measure mass
-Immerse object on a thread into a eureka can
-Measure the volume of water displaced
-Calculate density
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| What does the area under a Fx graph represent | Elastic potential energy stored in object OR the work done in stretching object
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| What is the equation for elastic potential energy | Ee=0.5kx^2
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| How do we find the area under a curve | -Choose square measurement
-Calculate joules per square
-Count squares and add triangles
-Multiply no of squares by joules per square
REMEMBER to mark up the graph
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| Why is there a difference between the Fx graphs for loading and unloading | Some of the energy stored in the object is transferred to the internal energy of the molecules, due to friction
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| Explain the stretching process for rubber | -Rubber is a polymer
-When unstretched the molecules are tangled
-When stretched they straighten out
-When tension is removed it returns to its original length
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| Explain the stretching process for Polythene | -When unstretched molecules are tangled
-When stretched they straighten out
-When tension is removed it does not return to its original shape
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| Define polymer | A chain of repeating monomers
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| Define creep | A material moving by dislocation
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| Define netting | A decrease in x-sectional area
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| Define yield point | A large extension is produced for a very small increase in force
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| Define laminar flow | Each particle has a constant velocity, it tends to occur at low velocities.
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| What is the criteria for fluid diagrams | -At least 5 paths
-Paths can't cross
-Recumbent flow must be >180 degrees
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| Define turbulent flow | Velocity is not constant for each particle, back eddies form, tends to occur at high velocities
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| What is the equation for stokes law | F=6πrηv
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| What is the equation for terminal velocity | v(term)=(2r^2 g(ρ(s)-ρ(l)))/9η
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| For a liquid what is the relationship between temperature and viscosity | Temperature increases, viscosity decreases
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| For a gas what is the relationship between temperature and viscosity | Temperature increases, viscosity increases
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Created by:
Liam P
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