Mrs. Heald's 100 Facts 51-100
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| Barter Economy | Bartering is a medium in which goods or services are directly exchanged for other goods and/or services, without the use of money.
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| Command Economy | It is an economic system in which the central government makes all decisions on the production and consumption of goods and services
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| Market Economy | Where production, distribution, pricing, and investment decisions are made by the private owners of the factors of production based upon their own interests rather than upon furthering some large plan.
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| Father of Geography | Eratosthenes (Ancient Greek Scholar)
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| Father of History | Herodotus (Ancient Greek Historian)
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| Caste System | Caste systems are any ranked, hereditary, endogamous occupational groups that constitute traditional societies in certain regions of the world, particularly among Hindus in India
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| Chinese Civilization | began city-states along Yellow River valley in the Neolithic era. Written history of China begins with the Shang Dynasty.The conventional view of Chinese history is a dynasty alternating between periods of political unity & disunity. Known as Han Chinese
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| Anarchy | No government or organized authority
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| Confederacy | An alliance of separately governed states
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| Constitutional Monarchies | Where either an elected or hereditary monarch is the head of state. Most constitutional monarchies have a parliamentary system in which the monarch is the head of state, but a directly- or indirectly-elected prime minister is head of government
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| Monarchy | This is a nation ruled by a supreme sovereign, such as king, queen, or emperor
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| Oligarchy | A government ruled by the few in which a small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes
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| Citizen | Member of a political society who owes allegiance to and is entitled to participation in and protection by and from the government
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| Alternative Fuel | Fuel sources other than the traditional forms usually used to satisfy an economic and/or political needs. Some well known alternative fuels include biodiesel, and bioalcohol
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| Desertification | The spread of a desert condition in arid and semiarid regions resulting from a combination of climatic changes and increasing human pressures, such as overgrazing, removal of vegetation, and cultivation of marginal land
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| Hydroelectricity | Electric power produced by rushing water
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| Resource | An aspect of the physical environment that people value and use to meet a need for fuel, food, industrial product, or something else of value.
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| Natural Resource | Anything from the natural environment that people use to meet their needs
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| Nonrenewable Resource | A resource that can eventually run out
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| Renewable Resource | A resource that can be replaced naturally or grown fairly quickly
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| Peninsula | A portion of land nearly surrounded by water and connected with a larger body by an isthmus
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| Physical Regions | Physical regions are defined by landform (continents and mountain ranges), climate, soil, and natural vegetation.
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| Irrigation | The watering of land by artificial means to foster plant growth.
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| Isthmus | A narrow strip of land that has water on both sides and joins two larger bodies of land.
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| Lake | A considerable inland body of standing water
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| Plate Tectonics | The theory that the earth’s surface is composed of rigid slabs or plates. Responsible for present-day formations of continents, ocean basins, & major mountain ranges and valley systems.
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| Lithospere | when you climb a mountain, or dig a hole, or take a walk, you are contacting the lithosphere
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| Hydrosphere | when you drink water or go swimming you are contacting the hydrospere
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| cryosphere | when you hold an ice cube in your hand or shovel snow you are contacting the cryosphere
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| biosphere | when you play with your pets or eat your lunch or talk to your friends, you are contacting the biosphere
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| atmosphere | 80. Every time you breathe or perspire on a hot day or fly a kite, you are contacting the atmosphere
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| Exo/Celestial sphere | 81. And when you enjoy the warm sunlight or make a wish upon a star, you are interacting with the Exo/Celestial sphere
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| Plateau | A usually extensive land area having a relatively level surface raised sharply above adjacent land on at least one side
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| Pollution | Waste, usually made by people, which makes a place's air, water, or soil less clean
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| Population Pyramid | This is a bar graph that depicts a total population by breaking it down into age groupings and gender.
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| Recession | In economics, a recession is a general slowdown in economic activity over a sustained period of time
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| Region | An area with one or more common characteristics or features, which give it a measure of homogeneity and make it different from surrounding areas.
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| Remote Sensing | Information gathering about the earth’s surface from a distance (usually referring to the use of aerial photography or satellite images).
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| Fertile Crescent | Civilization began in this area
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| Migration | to move from one country, place, or locality to another
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| Nomadic | Nomadic people, also known as nomads, are communities of people that move from one place to another, rather than settling down in one location. Nomads move periodically or cyclically, usually returning to their original location at various times.
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| City-States | A city-state is an independent country whose territory consists solely of a single major city and the area immediately surrounding it.
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| Feudal System | The feudal system was a way of government based on obligations between the lord or king and vassal
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| Egypt Civilizations | an ancient civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern nation of Egypt.
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| Greek Civilization | ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from 110 BC - 146 BC & the Roman conquest of Greece after the Battle of Corinth. Considered to be the culture which provided the foundation of Western civilization
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| Incan Civilization | an empire located in South America from 1438 C.E. to 1533 C.E. Over that period, the Inca used conquest and peaceful assimilation to incorporate in their empire a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean mountain ranges
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| Mayan Civilization | Mesoamerican culture, noted for having the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as for its spectacular art, monumental architecture, & sophisticated mathematical & astronomical systems.
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| Indigenous People | term indigenous peoples can be used to describe any ethnic group of people who inhabit a geographic region with which they have the earliest known historical connection
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| Roman Civilization | Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea, it became one of the largest empires in the ancient world
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| Settlement Patterns | The nature of the distribution of settlements. Some settlement patterns may be seen as a reflection of cultural traditions
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| Social Traits | Are the things that people do and say, and how they behave in a group
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