Anatomy and Physiology
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| The lymphatic system drains fluid from the ___________ and returns it to the __________________. | tissue; circulatory system
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| The largest lymph vessel is the: | Thoracic duct
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| Movement of the lymph takes place by the contraction of ___________ and back flow is prevented by the presence of ________. | muscles; valves
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| Name examples of lymphatic organs: | Thymus, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes, appendix
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| Which lymph organ may become swolen during infections? | Lymph nodes
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| Barriers to disease, such as intact skin, are examples of____________________ defenses. | Non-specific (innate)
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| The cardinal signs of inflammation are: | Redness, heat, pain, swelling
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| A group of 20 plasma proteins that providesa a nonspecific defense is called: | Complement
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| Activation of complement proteins is called: | Complement fixation
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| B lymphocytes become _____________ which produce ______________ | plasma cells; antibodies
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| The type of lymphocyte that attacks foreign cells is a(n): | T killer cell
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| The type of lymphocyte that activates T cells and B cells is: | Helper T cells
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| Antibodies are made in response to and combine with: | Antigens
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| Which immune response is the greatest, primary or secondary? | Secondary
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| How is an immune response measured? | Antibody titer
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| Why are booster shots given? | To boost antibody tide
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| What general type of immunity does vaccination give? | Artificial active immunity
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| Obtaining antibodies through breast-feeding gives ___________________________. | natural passive immunity
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| Severe allergic reactions may result in: | Anaphylactic shock
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| Rheumatoid arthritis and myasthenia are examples of: | Autoimmune disease
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| The right lymphatic duct is located in the: | Right upper quarter of the body
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| The thoracic duct is located: | Everywhere but the right upper quarter
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| Give a definition for Nonspecific Defenses. | Nonspecific defenses are barriers and are not directed against a particular organism.
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| A pathogen is a: | Disease-causing organism
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| Examples of nonspecific defenses are: | Intact skin, mucous membranes, lysozomes, stomach pH, wandering macrophages, inflammation, and neutrophils
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| Give a definition for and describe the process of opsonization: | Opsonization is to make tasty. Complement proteins recognise disgused pathogens, stick all over them, ans signal macrophages that there is something wrong with the cells.
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| MAC stands for: | Membrane attack complex
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| Virus-infected cells release __________ to warn uninfected cells. | interferon
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| An antigen is a(n): | Foreign protein
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| An antibody is a(n): | Protein made in response to the antigen
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| How long does it take for B cells to make an antibody to a specific antigen? | About one week
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| An example of artificial passive immunity is: | Gamma globulin
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