States of Matter, Phase Changes & Chemistry
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| The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element. (Always has the same # of protons for one type of element.) | atom
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| The change of a liquid to gas throughout the liquid; occurs quickly at high temperatures. | boiling
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| The change of a substance from one physical state to another. | change of state
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| The change of state from a gas to a liquid. | condensation
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| Power that may be translated into motion or cause a physical change; "the ability to do work"; (NOT MATTER--NOT MADE OF ATOMS) | energy
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| The change at the surface of a liquid into a gas; occurs slower at lower temperatures. | evaporation
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| The change of state from a liquid to a solid by removing energy. | freezing
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| The state of matter that does not have a definite volume nor shape. | gas
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| The state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape. | liquid
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| A measure of the amount of matter in an object. | mass
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| Anything that has mass and volume. | matter
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| The process in which a gas changes directly into a solid. | deposition
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| A measure of the force of gravity acting on an object. | weight
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| The change of state from a solid to a liquid by adding energy. | melting
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| The state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed. | solid
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| The physical forms of matter which include solid, liquid, and gas. | states of matter
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| The process in which a solid changes directly into a gas. | sublimation
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| A measure of the amount of heat (how hot or cold something is); a measure of the movement of particles. | temperature
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| A measure of the amount of space (3-D) of an object. | volume
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| The sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. | atomic weight
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| The smallest unit of an element/matter that has the properties of that element. | atom
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| A subatomic particle that has a negative charge. These form a "cloud" around the nucleus. These account for most of the volume of an atom. | electron
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| An atom's central region which is made up of protons and neutrons--most of the mass of an atom. | nucleus
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| A subatomic particle that has a postive charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom. | proton
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| A subatomic particle that has no charge (neutral) and is found in the nucleus of an atom. | neutron
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| The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. | atomic number
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| A substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; composed of a single type of atom. (Currently, there are 118 varieties.) | element
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| Atoms and molecules are in constant motion giving them _____ energy. | kinetic
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| A change in _____ can cause a change in state (solid --> liquid, etc.). | temperature
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| How many atoms of hydrogen are in one molecule of water (H2O)? | two
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| How many atoms of oxygen are in one molecule of water (H2O)? | one
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| Most of an atom is _____ space. | empty
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| The number of electrons in an atom is _____ to the number of protons. | equal
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| Atoms/elements differ from each other based on the number of _____. | protons
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| The center of an atom--location of the protons and neutrons. | nucleus
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| Matter is anything that has mass and volume. The mass/weight of matter is a result of the weight of _____ (center) of the atoms. | nucleus
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| Matter is anything that has mass and volume. The volume is a result of the empty space between the nucleus and _____ of atoms. | electrons
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| What happens to the temperature during a phase change? "It _____ the same." | stays
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