Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 02 Vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | A branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior. (Some biological psychologists call themselves behavioral neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, behavior geneticists, physiological psychologists, or biopsychologists.)
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| Neuron | show 🗑
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| Dendrite | show 🗑
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| Axon | show 🗑
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| show | A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next.
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| Action potential | show 🗑
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| Threshold | show 🗑
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| show | The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or cleft.
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| show | Chemical messengers that traverse synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron, they travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neurons, influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse.
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| show | A neurotransmitter that, among its functions, triggers muscle contraction.
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| Endorphins [en-DOR-fins] | show 🗑
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| show | The body's speedy, electrochemical communication system, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems.
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| Central nervous system (CNS) | show 🗑
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| show | The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body.
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| show | Neural "cables" containing many axons. These bundled axons, which are part of the peripheral nervous system, connect the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs.
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| show | Neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system.
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| show | Central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs.
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| show | Neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands.
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| show | The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system.
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| show | The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
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| show | The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations.
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| Parasympathetic nervous system | show 🗑
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| show | A simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response.
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| Neural networks | show 🗑
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| Lesion [LEE-zhuhn] | show 🗑
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| show | An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.
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| CT (Computed Tomography) scan | show 🗑
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| show | A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task.
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| MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) | show 🗑
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| Brainstem | show 🗑
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| show | The base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing.
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| show | A nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal.
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| Thalamus [THAL-uh-muss] | show 🗑
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| Cerebellum [sehr-uh-BELL-um] | show 🗑
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| show | A doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and agression and drives such as those for food and sex. Includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus.
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| show | Two almond-shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic systems and are linked to emotion.
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| show | A neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion.
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| show | The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center.
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| show | Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons.
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| show | The portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements.
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| show | The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head toward the rear; includes the sensory cortex.
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| Occipital [ahk-SIP-uh-tuhl] lobes | show 🗑
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| Temporal lobes | show 🗑
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| show | An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements.
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| show | The area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensations.
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| Association areas | show 🗑
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| show | Impairment of langauge, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding).
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| show | Controls the language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usaully in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
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| Wernicke's area | show 🗑
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| show | The brain's capacity for modification, as evident in brain reorganization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development.
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| show | The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them.
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| Split brain | show 🗑
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| show | The body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
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| show | Chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another.
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| Adrenal [ah-DREEN-el] glands | show 🗑
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| Pituitary glands | show 🗑
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