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Myers 7th Edition - Chapter 07 Vocabulary

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TERM
DEFINITION
Consciousness   Our awareness of ourselves and our enviroment.  
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Biological Rhythms   Periodic physiological fluctuations.  
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Circadian   The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.  
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REM sleep   Rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.  
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Alpha waves   The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.  
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Sleep   Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation.  
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Hallucinations   False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.  
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Delta waves   The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.  
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Insomnia   Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.  
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Narcolepsy   A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.  
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Sleep apnea   A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary reawakenings.  
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Night terrors   A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage 4 sleep, within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.  
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Dream   A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discountinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later  
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Dream (continued)   difficulties remembering it.  
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Manifest content   According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent content).  
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Latent content   According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content). Freud believed that dream's latent content functions as a safety valve.  
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REM rebound   The tendency for REM sleep to increase REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).  
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Hypnosis   A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behavior will spontaneously occur.  
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Posthypnotic amnesia   Supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis; induced by the hypnotist's suggestion.  
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Posthypnotic suggestion   A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by clinicians to help control undesired symptomsand behaviors.  
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Dissociation   A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.  
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Hidden observer   Hilgard's term describing a hypnotized subject's awareness of experiences, such as pain, that go unreported during hypnosis.  
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Psychoactive drug   A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood.  
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Tolerance   The diminishing effect with regulare use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect.  
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Withdrawal   The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.  
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Physical dependence   a Physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.  
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Psychological dependence   A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.  
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Depressants   Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.  
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Stimulants   Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines and cocaine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.  
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Hallucinogens   Psychedelic ("mind manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.  
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Barbiturates   Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement.  
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Opiates   Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.  
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Amphetamines   Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.  
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Ectasy (MDMA)   A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.  
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LSD   A powerful hallucinogens drug: also known as acid (Lysergic acid diethylamide)  
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THC   The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.  
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Near-death experience   An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.  
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Dualism   The presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact.  
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Monism   The presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing.  
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