Glossary A - C
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| accessory | a person who assists in the commission of a crime, either before or after the fact
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| acquit | to be found not guilty
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| action, case, suit, lawsuit | a legal dispute brought into court for trial
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| actus reus | an act in violation of the law, a guilty act
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| adjudication | giving a judgment that protrays the decision of court
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| admissible evidence | evidence which can legally and properly be used in court
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| adversary system | each of the opposing parties has full opportunity to present and establish his/her oppsoing contentions before the court
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| affidavit | a written and sworn statement witnessed by public or official who have the right to administer oaths
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| alibi | an excuse or plea that a person was somewhere else at the time a crime was committed
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| allegation | statement of a party to an action explaining what the party expects to prove
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| appeal | the bringing of a case to a higher court for review
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| appellate court | a court which hears appeals from a lower court
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| arraignment | appearance before a judge. The defendant is told his rights, and given a lawyer if needed, and enters his plea
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| arrest | taken into custody by a legal authority
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| attorney, lawyer | person who has been trained and licensed to represesnt others in legal matters
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| bail | sum of $ posted by defendant to guarantee his appearance in court
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| bail bondsman | a person who will post bail to obtain the release of a defendant from jail for a 10% fee
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| bailiff | a court official whose duties are to keep order in the courtroom and assist the jury
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| bench trial | trial without a jury in which the judge decides the case
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| beyond a reasonable doubt | entirely convinced, no rational doubt as to the defendant's guilt
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| bind over | judge's decision to hold a criminal defendant for trial
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| booking | being processed into jail
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| brief | an attorney's written statement of a client's case filed in court. A summary of the facts in the case.
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| burden of proof | prosecution must prove his case beyond a reasonable doubt
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| calendar | court's list of cases to be heard by a judge
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| case law | law established on precedent, rather than by legislation
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| certification | the process of transferring a juvenile's case from the Juvenile Court to an adult court for trial
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| change of venue | the removal of a trial begun in one jurisdiction to another jurisdiction
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| charge | an accusation by the state against an individual
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| circumstantial evidence | evidence of an indirect nature. testimony not based on actual knowledge or observation
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| citation | an official notice to appear in court and answer to charge(s)
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| Civil case | a lawsuit brought by one citizen against another
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| common law | a body of unwritten judicial opinion based upon custom, tradition, and precedent
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| concurrent jurisdiction | 2 or more courts who share jurisdiction, each authorized to hear the case
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| concurrent sentence | sentence under which two or more prison or jail sentences are served at the same time
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| conditional release | a non-security release from custody which enforce regulations on the activities and associations of the defendant
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| consecutive sentence | when 2 or more prison or jail sentences are served back to back
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| contempt of court | any act involving disrepect to the court or failure to obey its rules or orders
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| continuance | order of the court postponing the court's proceedings
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| contract | a legally enforceable agreement between 2 parties who each promise to do certain things
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| conviction | in a criminal case, a finding that the defendant is guilty
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| corroborating evidence | confirmation or support of the story of a witness or victim
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| county/district attorney; AKA prosecutor | a lawyer employed by the government to prosecute criminal cases
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| court | a place where legal proceedings occur
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| court of record | a court whose proceeding are permanently recorded
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| criminal case | a case brought by the government against a person accused of committing a crime
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| cross examination | the questioning of a witness by the lawyer for the opposing side
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| culpability | the act, conduct, or negligence of a person
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