Vocabulary Terminology for Chapter 13 in Friendly Biology
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| Features or characteristics inherited from one's parents is known as | Genetics
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| The discovery that traits are inherited from parents is whose biggest contribution? | Gregor Mendel, Genetic biologist
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| genotype is | the record of genes found in a living organism
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| phenotype is | observed genotype, whether physical or behavioral
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| Variations in the phenotype of a particular gene are known as | Alleles
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| The genetic law of segregation says that | During the formation of gametes, the pairs of chromosomes separate with each gamete receiving one or the other member of he pair.
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| In meiosis, one chromosome from each parent primordial sex cell will go to each resulting gamete is known as | The law of segregation.
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| The 2nd law discovered by Mendel that states that traits get distributed independently from other is known as | the Law of Independent Assortment
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| When looking at the genotype of the offspring, created through sexual reproduction, one from the male parent and one from the female parent, you will find | Two Alleles
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| With 2 alleles present, only one is expressed and the expressed allele is known as the | dominant allele
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| An allele that is present, but not expressed is known as | recessive allele
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| When writing letters representing alleles for an individual, what differentiates or how is the dominant allele separated from the recessive | Dominant allele is written using Upper case letters, while recessive allele is written using lower case letters.
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| Genotype: HH (trait inherited from both parents) would be described as | Homozygous dominant
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| Genotype: hh (trait inherited from both parents) would be described as | Homozygous recessive
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| Genotype: Hh (trait inherited from each parent) would be described as | Heterozygous
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| Suppose hair color is indicated by H, knowing black is dominant and red is recessive, what hair color would these individuals have? Hh:____________ HH:_____________ hh:______________ | Black, black, red
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| So what possible genotypes would a person with black hair have? | HH or Hh
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| What are the possibilities for the genotypes for his gametes with a genotype: HH ? | 100% H
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| When visible traits have been found linked to the sex of the individual is a phenomenon known as | Sex-linked or sex-linkage
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| What is GMO abbreviated for | Genetically Modified Organism
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| When a phenotype of an individual appears to be the result of sharing 2 dominant alleles is known as | codominance or incomplete dominance
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| Everyone carries a pair of sex chromosomes; male (sperm) genotype is | XY
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| Everyone carries a pair of sex chromosomes; female (ova) genotype is | XX
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