UWORLD Endocrine Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | Medullary Thyroid Cancer
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| show | Medullary Thyroid Cancer
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| show | MEN2A and MEN2B
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| Medullary Thyroid cancer develops amyloid deposits, thus, it stains: | show 🗑
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| show | Gynecomastia
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| show | 1. Increased Estrogen to Androgen ratio
2. Ductal Epithelial Hyperplasia and stromal fibrosis
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| show | Liver cirrhosis, Obesity, CKD, hypogonadism, 5-a-reductase deficiency.
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| To what drugs is the development of gynecomastia associated? | show 🗑
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| show | Visceral Obesity
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| Visceral obesity is an indicator of: | show 🗑
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| TPO is + for: | show 🗑
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| Which are the two most common INCRETINS? | show 🗑
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| Are incretins dependent or independent of serum glucose levels? | show 🗑
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| GI hormone released by gut mucosa after the ingestion of a rich glucose meal that increases insulin release? | show 🗑
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| What are the two main causes of Hypothyroidism? | show 🗑
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| What are examples of conditions that may provoke Hypothalamic Hypothyroidism? | show 🗑
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| Sheehan Syndrome is a common cause of: | show 🗑
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| Mass lesions on the Pituitary are known to cause: | show 🗑
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| Low level of hormones released by the pituitary cause deficiency in: | show 🗑
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| show | Hypotension, decreased weight, and hypoglycemia
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| Hypothyroid patient presents with: | show 🗑
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| show | amenorrhea; infertility; libido; infertility
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| show | 17-hydroxyprogesterone into 11-deoxycortisol; Cortisol
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| Decreased levels of CORTISOL in 21-(OH) deficiency lead to: | show 🗑
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| show | Z. RETICULARIS, which causes increased levels of Androgens
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| show | 21-(OH) deficiency
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| show | All of them due to increased levels of MSH as it is coproduced with ACTH
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| show | Hypertension
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| show | virilization in females
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| DECREASED renin activity is seen in which adrenal deficiency? | show 🗑
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| In congenital adrenal deficiencies the Blood pressure and the [K+] are ____________________________ proportional. | show 🗑
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| show | Insulin; macrosomia; Hypertrophic; HYPOGLYCEMIA
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| show | Aphasia, growth retardation, and POLYCYTHEMIA.
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| show | The mother created a state of chronic hyperglycemia, which caused the fetus to create an constant hyperinsulinemic environment, which is not compensated at birth.
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| Di George Syndrome: | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Chovek Sign (twitch of nose and lips)
2. Trousseau sign (carpal spasm)
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| Absent Thymic shadow, low levels of T-cells and cleft lips are key characteristics of: | show 🗑
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| Sulfonylureas MoA? | show 🗑
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| Where does the sulfonylurea bind in the Pancreatic B-cell? | show 🗑
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| The attachment of Sulfonylurea to ATP- dependent K+ channel causes _____ ____________, leading to subsequent exocytosis of ___________. | show 🗑
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| show | Glyburide, Glipizide and Glimepiride
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| 1st generation Sulfonylureas? | show 🗑
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| What is a common side effect of ALL sulfonylureas? | show 🗑
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| show | Disulfiram-like effects
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| show | Hypoglycemia
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| show | Injectables; Exenatide and Liraglutide
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| show | DPP-4 inhibitors
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| show | TRIGLYCERIDE; ADIPOSE; INSULIN
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| show | LIPASE
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| GLYCEROL is broken down in the _______________ by __________ __________, into Glycerol-3-P which then becomes DHAP, which produces _________ via ________________ and __________ via ________. | show 🗑
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| Hyperthyroidism causes the upregulation of ___ -receptors expression, leading to INCREASED ___________________ effect. | show 🗑
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| show | 1. minimize the ADRENERGIC effects
2. inhibit 5'-monoiodide, thus decreasing the conversion of T4 into T3.
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| Beta-blockers in Hyperthyroid patients cause a decrease in T___ production by inhibiting _________________________. | show 🗑
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| show | Papillary Thyroid cancer
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| Large cells with nuclei, containing finely dispersed CHROMATIN, giving an empty or "ground-glass" appearance, and intranuclear inclusions, is the histology seen in? | show 🗑
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| "Orphan-Annie eyes" histological description is seen in what type of thyroid cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | Papillary
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| Laminated Calcium deposits seen in certain malignancies? | show 🗑
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| What are the 2 most common causes of DI? | show 🗑
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| show | Inadequate pituitary secretion of ADH
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| Nephrogenic DI is due to inability of the collecting duct to respond to _______________. | show 🗑
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| Administration of analogous ADH produces a positive response in what type of Diabetes Insipidus? | show 🗑
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| Post-Pituitary damage produces ___________________ __________ DI. | show 🗑
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| show | Hypothalamic nuclei damage.
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| 1. Beta-Oxidation of Fatty Acids 2. TCA cycle 3. Carboxylation of Pyruvate (Gluconeogenesis) | show 🗑
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| Processes occuring in the CYTOSOL: | show 🗑
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| show | Transketolase and Vitamin B1 as cofactor.
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| Where does the 1st step in STEROID synthesis occur? all subsequent steps are done in what organelle? | show 🗑
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| show | Well developed Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum. (SER)
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| show | Adrenal glands, gonads, adn liver
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| Cells that produce steroids: | show 🗑
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| show | High levels of ACTH
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| show | 1. Adrenal adenoma
2. Adrenal malignancy
3. Exogenous glucocorticoid intake (MC) (person with chronic inflammatory disease)
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| Suppressed levels of ACTH after High dose Dexamethasone Test, indicative which probable causes? | show 🗑
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| show | Ectopic ACTH production (malignant tumor)
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| What is the most common Ectopic ACTH secreting tumor? | show 🗑
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| show | Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency
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| In Pyruvate Dehydrogenase complex deficiency, the patient is unable to convert ____________________ into __________________. | show 🗑
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| show | Purely Ketogenic amino acid diet
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| Which are the purely Ketogenic amino acids? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Cushing Disease --> Pituitary ACTH hypersecretion
2. Ectopic ACTH secretion --> secretion of ACTH paraneoplastic
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| What is the ACTH-INDEpendent cause of Cushing Syndrome? | show 🗑
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| show | ACTH-dependent Cushing Syndrome changes at tissue level
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| At time of GLUCOSE DEPLETION, the body uses which substance to create energy? | show 🗑
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| ________________ metabolism occurs in the ________________ in times of prolonged ________________. | show 🗑
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| Which cells are not able to use Ketones for energy at all and why? | show 🗑
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| show | No, the brain cell will only take up ketone for energy in cases in extreme cases.
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| show | FRUCTOKINASE
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| show | HEXOKINASE; Glycolysis
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| Deficiency of _________________ leads to development of Severe Fructose inherited intolerance. | show 🗑
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| What is the clinical presentation of Fructose Intolerance? | show 🗑
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| show | PRE-PRO-INSULIN; Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum; N-terminal
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| What is the role of PRP (signal peptide protein)? | show 🗑
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| show | Insulin; C-peptide; Equivalent; secretory granules
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| Defective Lipoprotein Lipase leads to development of? | show 🗑
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| show | Chylomicrons
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| show | 1. ACUTE PANCREATITIS episodes
2. Lipemia retinalis
3. Eruptive Xanthomas
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| show | Familial Hypercholesterolemia
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| show | 1. LDL receptor
2. ApoB-100
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| show | 2A; LDL receptor; ApoB-100
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| show | Type 2A Familial Hypercholesterolemia
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| Patient with premature atherosclerosis, TENDON XANTHOMAS, and xanthelasmas, suspect of? | show 🗑
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| show | Type 3 Familial Hyperlipoproteinemia
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| show | Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia
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| show | Accumulation of:
1. Chylomicrons
2. VLDL remnants
Defective ApoE (3 &4)
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| show | Familial Hypertriglyceridemia
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| Accumulation of VLDL only, is seen in Type _______ hyperlipoproteinemia. | show 🗑
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| Tuberoeruptive and palmar xanthomas are characteristic of? | show 🗑
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| What are the xanthomas manifested or characteristic of Type 3 Hyperlipoproteinemia? | show 🗑
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| What Familial Hyperlipoproteinemia has LDL and VLDL accumulated? | show 🗑
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| show | Type 2A is mainly LDL receptor deficient and accumulates LDL, while Type 2B has LDL receptor and ApoB-100 defective and accumulates LDL and VLDL
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| ______________ deficiency, has low CORTISOL and excessive release of _________________. The best treatment is __________________ corticosteroids, in order to suppress ______________ production. | show 🗑
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| show | Decreased androgen production, which manifests with a DELAY in SEXUAL development.
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| show | MEN 2B
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| show | 1. Oral/ Mucosal Neuromas
2. Medullary Thyroid cancer
3. Pheochromocytoma
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| show | MEN2B
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| show | Cytoplasm
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| show | CORTISOL; Cytoplasm; Nucleus
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| show | NUCLEUS; Cytoplasm; Nucleus: transcribed (transcription); glucose
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| show | High levels of Hepatic GLUCOSE synthesis --> Hyperglycemia.
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| show | Anastrozole and Letrozole
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| show | Aromatase
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| ______________________ is enzyme that carries the conversion of ______________________ into ________________. | show 🗑
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| show | ER-2 + Breast cancer
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| Cholesterol is converted into Pregnenolone in the ________________, and all subsequent steps in Estrogen synthesis occur in the _____________________________. | show 🗑
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| What is the most important INSULIN stimulator? | show 🗑
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| Glucose in Pancreatic B-cell undergoes _____________________ to produce _________, which then binds to the _______________________. | show 🗑
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| show | Optic Chiasm; Lower; Posterior
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| show | Elevated Insulin with DECREASED C-peptide
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| If insulin and C-peptide are both elevated, and there is a Positive drug assay, suspect? | show 🗑
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| show | Produces Elevated Insulin and Elevated C-peptide, with negative drug assay.
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| Injectable Insulin does NOT increase ____________________ | show 🗑
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| Initially, the Increase in Estrogen during pregnancy will lead to a ______________ free ______. | show 🗑
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| show | TBG: T4: T4; bound-T4; TRH; T4.
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| What enzyme converts Testosterone into DHT> | show 🗑
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| What is DHT's role? | show 🗑
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| A male patient with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency will show: | show 🗑
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| show | 1. HYPOSPADIAS
2. Small phallus
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| show | Finasteride
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| By which GLUT is glucose taken into the cell in muscle cells and adipocytes? | show 🗑
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| Which GLUT is INSULIN dependent? | show 🗑
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| show | GLUT 1, 2, 3, and 5
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| show | INCREASES; GLUT 1, 2, 3, 5
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| What is the MCC of Adrenal Insufficiency? | show 🗑
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| What are some common triggers/situations/events that lead to an adrenal crisis? | show 🗑
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| show | Low Cortisol, Low CTrH, and low ACTH
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| Patient with decreased cortisol, ACTH and CTrH, is about to enter the OR for cholecystectomy. What is a common cause for the patients laboratory results? | show 🗑
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| Conversion of Oxaloacetate into PEP by using PEP carboxykinase (PEPCK) | show 🗑
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| show | GTP is the cofactor used by PEPCK in GLUCONEOGENESIS
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| From which cycle is the GTP used in Gluconeogenesis originated? | show 🗑
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| What hypothalamic hormone inhibits Prolactin? | show 🗑
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| Dopamine inhibitors may cause: | show 🗑
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| show | TRH and VIP
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| Haloperidol is a ________________ inhibitor that may cause: | show 🗑
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| show | HSP: IgA and C3
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| Hepatitis C | show 🗑
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| show | Small Vessel Vasculitis that affects most evidently the skin
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| Skin lesions (multiple red dots) + arthralgias + recent treatment with a Beta-lactam, and the patient got symptoms resolved spontaneously. | show 🗑
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| Conn's Syndrome: | show 🗑
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| What is the MCC of Conn's Syndrome? | show 🗑
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| Patient presents with HTN, low serum[K+], pH higher than 7.45, muscle fatigue and paraesthesias, with abdominal CT showing abnormally large adrenal gland. Dx? | show 🗑
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| Elevated plasma Aldosterone and Low plasma RENIN activity. Dx? | show 🗑
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| The muscle weakness and paresthesias seen in Conn's Syndrome, are due to: | show 🗑
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| show | Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
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| Baby presents with Enlarged fontanelle, Protruding tongue, and Umbilical hernia, and mother states is hard to feed. PE shows mild jaundice. Dx? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Enlarged Fontanelle
2. Protruding tongue
3. Association with UMBILICAL hernia
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| The brain, kidneys, intestines, liver and RBCs use what type of GLUT transporters? | show 🗑
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| show | GLUT-1
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| GLUT-2 is used by: | show 🗑
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| show | Placenta; Neuronal; 3
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| GLUT-5 is used by: | show 🗑
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| show | Insulin-INDEPENDENT GLUT
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| Insulin-Dependent GLUT | show 🗑
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| show | Increase BONE RESORPTION to increase serum Calcium
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| PTH acts INDIRECTLY on_______________________ and DIRECTLY on the ________________________. | show 🗑
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| Osteoblasts have ____________ receptors | show 🗑
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| The binding of PTH and osteoblast leads to: | show 🗑
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| show | RNK-L; Osteoclasts; Resorption
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| show | product from PTH and Osteoclast interaction. Associated with elevated levels of PTH and low level of serum Calcium.
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| show | Aspart, Lispro, and Glulisine
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| Regular Insulin's effect is completely gone after how many hours approximately? | show 🗑
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| show | Detemir insulin actions act up to 24 hours, while NPH's act up to 18 hours.
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| Insulin receptor shows: | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Hypoglycemia
2. Lipodystrophy
3. Hypersensitive reactions
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| show | Increase glucose store as GLYCOGEN
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| show | Insulin actions in the MUSCLE
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| How is fat affected upon contact with Insulin release: | show 🗑
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| show | SHORT; NPH
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| What is a desired or advantageous side effect of Metformin: | show 🗑
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| What are the MoA of Metformin? | show 🗑
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| Biguanide | show 🗑
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| show | Mitochondrial matrix
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| Transported used by Fatty Acids to move across the membrane | show 🗑
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| show | Malonyl-CoA
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| show | Malonyl-CoA; Fatty acids; carnitine acyl-transferase
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| show | 1. Major product of the de Novo FA synthesis first step
2. Inhibits carnitine acyltransferase --> no Fatty acid across membrane of the mitochondria.
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| show | Endometriosis
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| show | ADHESIONS; scarring; Fallopian: INFERTILITY
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| show | Fibroids, Adenomyosis, and Endometrial cancer/hyperplasia.
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| show | Fibroids
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| Fibrinoid key features: | show 🗑
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| Pelvic examination demonstrates a bulky, globular, and tender uterus, and a 7 month Hx of dysmenorrhea. Dx? | show 🗑
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| What is a common risk Hx for a patient to develop Endometrial carcinoma> | show 🗑
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| 69 yo female complains of vaginal bleeding. Her last menses was over 10 years ago. She has a indicates past gastric bypass surgery 20 years ago, and hysterectomy at age 21. Dx? | show 🗑
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| show | Endometrial carcinoma/hyperplasia
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| show | Fibroids have enlarged uterus.
Adenomyosis have bulky, globular and tender uterus
Endometrial cancer have a NON-tender uterus.
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| show | Metabolic acidosis
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| What is adenomyosis? | show 🗑
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| show | Fruity; breath ; urine
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| Sudden onset of polyuria, polydipsia, volume depletion and fruity odor in breath. Dx? | show 🗑
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| show | respiratory alkalosis; HYPERVENTILATION
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| show | Adrenal hemorrhage or infarct, and acute onset of illness or surgery.
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| show | The use of glucocorticoids; Dexamethasone
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| Thyrotoxicosis labs show: | show 🗑
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| show | Thyrotoxicosis
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| How is the histology of Exogenous Hyperthyroidism described: | show 🗑
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| Thyroid tissue biopsy demonstrates LYMPHOCYTIC infiltrate with GERMINAL centers. | show 🗑
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| show | Mixed; Multinucleated Giant cells
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| show | Tall, columnar epithelium with scalloped margins of colloid.
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| What are zinc-motifs? | show 🗑
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| show | chains of amino acids, which mostly include Cysteine and Histidine, around central Zinc atom
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| show | Cysteine and Histidine
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| show | Zinc - motifs
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| Which autoimmune conditions have higher risk of developing in a patient with DM type 1? | show 🗑
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| show | HLA-2
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| show | 1. HYPOnatremia
2. HyperKalemia and Hyperchloremia
3. Non-anion gap metabolic acidosis
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| Addison's Disease is also classified as: | show 🗑
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| Addison's Disease has __________________ gland dysfunction, leading to decreased levels of both, ________________ and ____________________. | show 🗑
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| show | Hypotension
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| show | MSH; HYPERPIGMENTATION
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| show | Waterhouse-Friedshensen Syndrome
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| __________________________ is often caused by __________________ by N. _____________, __________, or _______________________ shock. It causes adrenal gland ________________________. | show 🗑
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| Main differences between PRIMARY and SECONDARY adrenal gland insufficiency? | show 🗑
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| show | Tertiary
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| show | LH: secretes Testosterone
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| By what cell is Testosterone secreted? | show 🗑
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| Testosterone is secreted by Leydig cells in the testes by stimulation of which Pituitary hormone? | show 🗑
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| show | Inhibin B
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| show | Hypothalamus: Pituitary gland
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| show | FSH; Pituitary gland
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| show | Anti-cancer
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| Which are the two main cancer in which T-cells and NK cells act upon or attack? | show 🗑
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| -- B-cell -- No memory -- Short duration -- NO immunogenicity in infancy | show 🗑
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| show | + B/T-cell immunity (Humoral and Cellular)
+ Memory
+ Long Duration
+ Immunogenicity in infancy
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| show | Receiving PREFORMED antibodies
-- Rapid onset and short half-lives (3 weeks)
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| Examples of passive immunization | show 🗑
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| show | Exposure to foreign antigens
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| What type of immunity has a slow onset and creates memory? | show 🗑
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| Natural infections, vaccines, toxoids | show 🗑
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| Preformed antibodies, may be given to a patient that had recent exposure to which toxins or infections? What is the main benefit? | show 🗑
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| show | Epinephrine
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| show | Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and bronchoconstriction.
🗑
|
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| What is the virulence factor of Strep Pyogenes? | show 🗑
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| show | Group A strep (S. pyogenes)
🗑
|
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| Pentad of; 1 Fever, 2 pharyngitis, 3 Strawberry-tongue, 4 sand-paper like skin rash, 5 circumoral pallor, describes the clinical manifestation of? | show 🗑
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| Infection of S. pyogenes, with or without development of Scarlet Fever, predisposes a higher risk for development of what 2 other conditions? | show 🗑
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| Patient with Kawasaki Disease has a higher risk of development of _____________________________. | show 🗑
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| show | C1 deficiency, which is a common cause of Angioedema
🗑
|
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| The conversion of Kininogen to Bradykinin in C1 deficiency, is done by: | show 🗑
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| show | Bradykinin; Angioedema; C1 esterase inhibitor
🗑
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| show | ACE INHIBITORS as these increase Bradykinin levels as a side effect, furthering the angioedema.
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| show | Dominant
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| show | Gastrinoma
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| Pancreatic tumor, rarely seen in MEN1, characterized by electrolyte abnormalities and watery diarrhea? | show 🗑
|
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| show | Medullary
🗑
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| show | MEN2A & MEN2B
🗑
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| show | MEN1
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|
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| show | MEN2A
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| MEN 2B | show 🗑
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| show | MEN 2B
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| show | Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases activate MACROPHAGES, which then express 1a-HYDROXYLASE, which leads to synthesis of 1,25-(OH)2 Vit D and Hypercalcemia
🗑
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| What GI autoimmune disorder is a cause of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism? | show 🗑
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| Celiac Disease impairs the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, such as Vitamin _______, which leads to: ______________ serum __________ and _____________ serum ____________, and __________ serum _______. | show 🗑
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| Low vitamin D has: | show 🗑
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| show | Increased androgens enhance early linear growth.
🗑
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| show | Low doses of EXOGENOUS corticosteroids to suppress excessive ACTH and reduce stimulation of Adrenal cortex.
🗑
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| show | Ambiguous genitalia
🗑
|
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| Increased numbers of catecholamines: | show 🗑
|
||||
| Leydig Cell Hyperplasia: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pituitary adenoma
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pituitary adenoma
🗑
|
||||
| What is the key characteristic of MCAD deficiency? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Beta-Fatty Acid oxidation in the mitochondria
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. HYPOKETOTIC HYPOGLYCEMIA
2. Seizures and sudden death
🗑
|
||||
| Fatty acid disorder that presents with Hypoketotic Hypoglycemia, muscle weakness, CARDIOMYOPATHY, and hypertriglyceridemia. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mitochondria; Cytoplasm
🗑
|
||||
| Patient recently diagnosed with depressive disorder, complains of weakness, very concentrated urine, Dx? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Most common malignancy associated with development of SIADH? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 100 mOsm/Kg
🗑
|
||||
| 1. Ectopic ADH (small cell lung ca) 2. CNS disorder/Trauma (meningitis, SAH) 3. Pulmonary disease 4. Drugs (cyclophosphamide, SSRIs) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Peripartum hemorrhage causing ischemic necrosis, is known as? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mother's delay to lactate, due to Prolactin deficiency.
🗑
|
||||
| show | During pregnancy there is an increase n estrogen due to enlargement of pituitary gland, but there is NO proportional blood supply to the gland enlargement.
🗑
|
||||
| Another name for De Quervain's Thyroiditis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | viral infection
🗑
|
||||
| Is de Quervain's thyroiditis painful? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. Transient Hyperthyroid symptoms
2. Increased ESR and CRP
3. Decreased in radioiodine uptake.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
🗑
|
||||
| Hurthle cells are seen in histology of _____________________________. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hurthle cells
🗑
|
||||
| show | Inhibition of radioactive iodine.
🗑
|
||||
| show | In nuclear accidents in order to prevent radiation-induced thyroid carcinoma
🗑
|
||||
| Development of Cushing's that ACTH's and Cortisol production is only suppressed by High-dose Dexamethasone test? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ACTH cannot be suppressed with low or high dexamethasone tests.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Prolactinoma
🗑
|
||||
| _________________ thyroid caner, is the most common type of thyroid cancer. | show 🗑
|
||||
| "Orphan Annie eyes" cytoplasm in thyroid cells, indicate | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Radiation Exposure
🗑
|
||||
| RET/PTC rearrangements and BRAF mutations lead to increased risk of developing? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Follicular thyroid carcinoma has a ___________ prognosis. It invades the thyroid ___________________ and vasculatures, and is associated to _______ mutations and _________________ translocations. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Medullary Thyroid cancer
🗑
|
||||
| Medullary thyroid cancer cells stain + for ________________________. | show 🗑
|
||||
| RET mutations: | show 🗑
|
||||
| To what autoimmune condition is thyroid lymphoma associated? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are common causes of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Causes of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
🗑
|
||||
| show | Anaplastic Thyroid cancer
🗑
|
||||
| Thyroid malignancy with POLYGONAL or spindle shaped cells and + for calcitonin. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hyperglycemia
🗑
|
||||
| show | Glucogenic and glycogenic; Glucose
🗑
|
||||
| An ________________________ effect is seen in glucocorticoid therapy. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What changes occur in adipose tissue in patient with glucocorticoid medications? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Bone --> osteoporosis, Immune system --> suppression and T-cell apoptosis, Liver --> increased gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis, Skeletal muscle and Adrenal cortex --> atrophy, and the skin is thinning, striated adn impaired wound healing.
🗑
|
||||
| What enzyme stimulates GLUCONEOGENESIS by increasing the activity of Pyruvate carboxylase? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hyper-adrenergic; Hypertension, palpitations, tachycardia, sweating, heat intolerance, tremor.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Beta-blockers to minimize adrenergic effects
They do not work on exophthalmos
🗑
|
||||
| What are 2 common medications used to treat Hyperthyroidism? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Side effect of Methimazole and PTU
🗑
|
||||
| ___________________ is a teratogenic drug during the ________ trimester. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Hepatic failure
🗑
|
||||
| show | Exophthalmos
🗑
|
||||
| show | Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve;
Hoarseness
🗑
|
||||
| show | Cytosolic Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
🗑
|
||||
| show | Inhibition of B-oxidation of newly formed fatty acids
🗑
|
||||
| show | mitochondrial carnitine acyltransferase
🗑
|
||||
| show | Malonyl-CoA: REGULATOR ; Beta-oxidation of FA
🗑
|
||||
| Events leading to Adrenal Crisis: | show 🗑
|
||||
| What situations are associated with increased stress leading to adrenal crisis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Increase the dosage of glucocorticoids
🗑
|
||||
| Stimulation of orbital fibroblast by Thyrotropin receptor antibodies and cytokines released by T -cells, leads to development of? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the triad of symptoms seen in Grave's Ophthalmopathy? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Glucocorticoids; Grave's Ophthalmopathy
🗑
|
||||
| Which agents use Protein Kinase A, G-protein adenylate cyclase second messenger? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The _____ is the major product of the TH gland. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the active form of thyroid hormone? | show 🗑
|
||||
| T3: | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | inactive form generated by peripheral conversion.
🗑
|
||||
| show | TSH, LH, and FSH.
🗑
|
||||
| What are 3 major domains of G protein-coupled receptors? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | HYDROPHOBIC; Ala, Leu, Phe, Trp, Met, Pro, and Gly
🗑
|
||||
| Tamoxifen is used in gynecomastia because? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Familial Dysbetalipoprotenemia
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. conversion of iodide --> iodine
2. Iodination of thyroglobulin tyrosinase residues and,
3. iodotyrosine coupling reaction that forms T3 and T4.
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. Decrease hepatic synthesis of triglycerides and VLDL,
2. Reduce clearance HDL
🗑
|
||||
| hyperlipidemic drug that may cause GOUTY ARTHRITIS? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pompe disease
🗑
|
||||
| Pompe's disease has deficiency of __________________________ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pompe Disease
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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