AP GOV EXAM VOCAB
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| Northwest Ordinance |
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| Shay's Rebellion |
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| Confederation |
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| Delegated Powers |
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| Reserved Powers |
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| Concurrent Powers |
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| Extradition |
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| State Righter's |
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| Project Grants |
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| Blanket Primaries |
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| Open Primaries |
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| Closed Primaries |
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| Grassroots |
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| Ratifying Convention |
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| Clear and present danger test |
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| Exclusionary rule |
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| Gerrymandering | the legislative process by which the majority party in each state legislature redraws congressional districts to ensure the maximum number of seats for its candidates
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| Grand Jury |
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| Double Jeopardy |
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| Eminent Domain |
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| Habeas Corpus |
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| Amicus Cureae |
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| Writ of Certiorari |
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| Selective Incorporation |
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| Progressive Income Tax |
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| Pardons |
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| Reprieves |
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| Gubernatorial veto |
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| census | taken by the federal government to count the population to determine the number of each state's congressional districts
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| congressional redistricting | the reallocation of the number of representatives each state has in the House
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| incumbent | officeholder who is seeking reelection. the single most important factor in determining the outcome of congressional elections
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| franking privilege | the right of members of Congress to mail newsletters to their constituents at the government's expense
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| standing committees | permanent subject-matter congressional committees that handle legislation and oversee the bureaucracy.
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| conference committee | temporary bodies that are formed to resolve differences between the House and Senate versions of a bill
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| House Rules Committee | sets the guidelines for floor debate. gives each bill a rule that places the bill on the legislative calendar, limits times for debates, and determines the type of amendments it will be allowed
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| House Ways and Means Committee | house committee that handles tax bills
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| seniority | unwritten rule in both houses of Congress reserving committee chairs to members of the committee with the longest records of a continuous service
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| Filibuster | a way of delaying or preventing action on a bill by using long speeches and unlimited debate 'to talk a bill to death'
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| cloture | a Senate motion to end a filibuster. requires 3/5 vote
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| logrolling | tactic of mutual aid and vote trading among legislators
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| oversight | congressional review of the activities of an executive agency, department, or office
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| Delegate Role of Representation | when members of Congress cast votes based on the wishes of their constituents
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| joint committees | are made up of members of both the House and Senate. normally used for communicating to the public or for investigations but generally do not send bills to the floor for votes
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| select committees | temporary committees organizes in each house for some special purpose. usually carry out investigations for the purpose of writing special legislation.
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| pigeonholed | a bill stuck in a House or Senate committee
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| discharge petition | the parliamentary mechanism to force a bill out of committee for a floor vote
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| house majority leader | keeps party members in line and helps determine party policy and the party’s legislative agenda
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| senate majority leader | has the real power in the Senate because he or she controls the legislative agenda and acts as a power broker and policy initiator.
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| house minority leader | keeps minority party members in line and helps determine the minority party’s legislative agenda
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| senate minority leader | can act as a power broker but usually cannot initiate policy or control the agenda.
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| president pro tempore | presiding officer to the Speaker of the House, often has highest seniority status of the majority party
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| Speaker of the House | he Vice President of the United States is the president of the Senate (only constitutionally delegated responsibility). Rarely on the floor of the Senate and only votes to break a tie
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| jawboning | trying to influence
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| logrolling | trading votes between Congresspersons
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| executive agreements | do not require Senate approval, agreements between heads of the countries, under international and U.S law, they are as binding as a treaty. Usually deal with more routine, administrative matters
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