Chapter 13
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| Medical model | Perspective that views psychological disorders as similar to physical diseases; they result from biological disturbances and can be diagnosed, treated,m and cured like other physical illnesses.
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| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) | A book published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that lists the criteria for close to 400 mental health disorders.
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| Anxiety disorder | A disorder marked by excessive apprehension that seriously interferes with a person's ability to function.
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| Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) | An anxiety disorder characterized by chronic, constant worry in almost all situations.
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| Panic disorder | An anxiety disorder characterized by intense fear and anxiety in the absence of danger that is accompanied by strong physical symptoms.
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| Agoraphobia | An excessive fear of being in places from which escape might be difficult or where help might not be available if one were to experience panic.
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| Phobic disorder | An anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of a specific object or situation.
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| Specific phobia | A persistent fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.
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| Social phobia | An irrational, persistent fear of being negatively evaluated by others in a social situation.
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| Obssesion | A recurrent thought or image that intrudes on a person's awareness.
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| Compulsion | Repetitive behavior that a person feels a strong urge to perform.
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| Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) | An anxiety disorder involving a pattern of unwanted intrusive thoughts and the urge to engage in repetitive actions.
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| Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | An anxiety disorder, characterized by distressing memories, emotional numbness, and hypervigilance, that develops after exposure to a traumatic event.
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| Dissociative disorder | A disorder marked by a loss of awareness of some part of one's self or one's surroundings that seriously interferes with the person's ability function.
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| Dissociative fugue disorder | A disorder marked by episodes of amnesia in which a person is unable to recall some or all of his or her past and is confused about his or her identity; a new identity may be formed in which the person suddenly and unexpectedly travels away from home.
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| Dissociative identity disorder (DID) | A disorder in which two or more personalities coexist within the same individual; formerly called multiple personality disorder.
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| Somatoform disorder | A disorder marked by physical complaints that have no apparent physical cause.
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| Hypochondriasis | A somatoform disorder in which the person persistently worries over having a disease, without any evident physical basis.
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| Mood disorder | A disorder marked by a significant change in one's emotional state that seriously interferes with one's ability to function.
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| Major depression | A mood disorder involving dysphoria, feelings of worthlessness, loss of interest in one's usual activities, and changes in bodily activities such as sleep and appetite that persists for at least 2 weeks
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| Dysphoria | An extreme state of sadness.
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| Anhedonia | Absence of pleasure from one's usual activities.
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| Dysthymic disorder | A mood disorder that is a less severe but more chronic form of depression.
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| Bipolar disorder | A mood disorder characterized by both depression and mania.
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| Mania | A period of abnormally excessive energy and elation.
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| Cyclothymic disorder | A mood disorder that is less severe but more chronic for of bipolar disorder.
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| Learned helplessness | The belief that one cannot control the outcome of events.
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| Ruminative coping style | The tendency to persistently focus on how one feels without attempting to do anything about one's feelings.
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| Cognitive distortion | Thought that tends to be pessimistic and negative.
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| Schizophrenia | A severe disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perceptions, emotions, and behavior.
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| Delusion | A thought or belief that a person believes to be true in reality is not.
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| Hallucination | Perceiving something that does not exits in reality.
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| Disorganized speech | A symptom of schizophrenia in which one';s speech lacks association between one's ideas and the events that one is experiences.
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| Disorganized behavior | A symptoms of schizophrenia that includes inappropriate or unusual behavior in a situation such as silliness, catatonic excitement, or catatonic stupor.
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| Catatonic stupor | A disorder in motor behavior involving immobility.
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| Catatonic excitement | A disorder in motor behavior involving exciting agitation.
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| Blunting effect | A lack of emotional expression.
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| Alogia | Decreased quality and/or quantity of speech
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| Avolition | The inability to follow of one's plans
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| Personality disorder | A disorder marked by maladaptive behavior that has stable across a long period and across many situations.
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| Antisocial personality disorder disorder | A personality disorder marked by a pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others with no remorse or guilt for one's actions.
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| Borderline personality disorder (BPD) | A personality disorder marked by a pattern of instability in mood, relationships, self-image, and behavior.
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