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Psychology 13
Chapter 13
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Medical model | Perspective that views psychological disorders as similar to physical diseases; they result from biological disturbances and can be diagnosed, treated,m and cured like other physical illnesses. |
| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) | A book published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that lists the criteria for close to 400 mental health disorders. |
| Anxiety disorder | A disorder marked by excessive apprehension that seriously interferes with a person's ability to function. |
| Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) | An anxiety disorder characterized by chronic, constant worry in almost all situations. |
| Panic disorder | An anxiety disorder characterized by intense fear and anxiety in the absence of danger that is accompanied by strong physical symptoms. |
| Agoraphobia | An excessive fear of being in places from which escape might be difficult or where help might not be available if one were to experience panic. |
| Phobic disorder | An anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of a specific object or situation. |
| Specific phobia | A persistent fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation. |
| Social phobia | An irrational, persistent fear of being negatively evaluated by others in a social situation. |
| Obssesion | A recurrent thought or image that intrudes on a person's awareness. |
| Compulsion | Repetitive behavior that a person feels a strong urge to perform. |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) | An anxiety disorder involving a pattern of unwanted intrusive thoughts and the urge to engage in repetitive actions. |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | An anxiety disorder, characterized by distressing memories, emotional numbness, and hypervigilance, that develops after exposure to a traumatic event. |
| Dissociative disorder | A disorder marked by a loss of awareness of some part of one's self or one's surroundings that seriously interferes with the person's ability function. |
| Dissociative fugue disorder | A disorder marked by episodes of amnesia in which a person is unable to recall some or all of his or her past and is confused about his or her identity; a new identity may be formed in which the person suddenly and unexpectedly travels away from home. |
| Dissociative identity disorder (DID) | A disorder in which two or more personalities coexist within the same individual; formerly called multiple personality disorder. |
| Somatoform disorder | A disorder marked by physical complaints that have no apparent physical cause. |
| Hypochondriasis | A somatoform disorder in which the person persistently worries over having a disease, without any evident physical basis. |
| Mood disorder | A disorder marked by a significant change in one's emotional state that seriously interferes with one's ability to function. |
| Major depression | A mood disorder involving dysphoria, feelings of worthlessness, loss of interest in one's usual activities, and changes in bodily activities such as sleep and appetite that persists for at least 2 weeks |
| Dysphoria | An extreme state of sadness. |
| Anhedonia | Absence of pleasure from one's usual activities. |
| Dysthymic disorder | A mood disorder that is a less severe but more chronic form of depression. |
| Bipolar disorder | A mood disorder characterized by both depression and mania. |
| Mania | A period of abnormally excessive energy and elation. |
| Cyclothymic disorder | A mood disorder that is less severe but more chronic for of bipolar disorder. |
| Learned helplessness | The belief that one cannot control the outcome of events. |
| Ruminative coping style | The tendency to persistently focus on how one feels without attempting to do anything about one's feelings. |
| Cognitive distortion | Thought that tends to be pessimistic and negative. |
| Schizophrenia | A severe disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perceptions, emotions, and behavior. |
| Delusion | A thought or belief that a person believes to be true in reality is not. |
| Hallucination | Perceiving something that does not exits in reality. |
| Disorganized speech | A symptom of schizophrenia in which one';s speech lacks association between one's ideas and the events that one is experiences. |
| Disorganized behavior | A symptoms of schizophrenia that includes inappropriate or unusual behavior in a situation such as silliness, catatonic excitement, or catatonic stupor. |
| Catatonic stupor | A disorder in motor behavior involving immobility. |
| Catatonic excitement | A disorder in motor behavior involving exciting agitation. |
| Blunting effect | A lack of emotional expression. |
| Alogia | Decreased quality and/or quantity of speech |
| Avolition | The inability to follow of one's plans |
| Personality disorder | A disorder marked by maladaptive behavior that has stable across a long period and across many situations. |
| Antisocial personality disorder disorder | A personality disorder marked by a pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others with no remorse or guilt for one's actions. |
| Borderline personality disorder (BPD) | A personality disorder marked by a pattern of instability in mood, relationships, self-image, and behavior. |
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cpruett8
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