Urinary
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| 60-70% salt/water reabsorbed | Proximal tubule
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| Very low Na permeability | Descending loop of Henle
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| High Na permeability, 20-25% Na reabsorbed | Ascending loop of Henle
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| 5-10% Na reabsorbed, depends on aldosterone | Distal Convoluted Tubule
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| Water reabsorbed if ADH present | Collecting Duct
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| Prevents reabsorption of bicarbonate. Increases osmotic pressure. Cause osmotic diuresis. | Acetazolamide
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| Used primarily to produce alkaline urine | Acetazolamide
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| Diuretic effects loss with chronic use | Acetazolamide
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| Not as effective as diuretics that prevent Na reabsorption | Acetazolamide
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| Inhibit Na reabsorption at distal convoluted tubule | Thiazide Diuretics
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| Moderate potency, can only affect 10% of Na load | Thiazides
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| Used short term for mild edema | Thiazides
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| Loses diuretic effect after about 1-2 weeks, antihypertensive effect remains chronically | Thiazides
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| Thiazide Diuretics Drugs | Chlorothiazide, HCTZ, Metolazone, Indapamide
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| Arrhythmias, orthostatic hypotension, muscle weakness/cramps/pain | Consequences of Thiazide-induced hypokalemia
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| Thiazides ADRs | hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia
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| Most effective agents, infinite dose response | Loop Diuretics
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| For moderate to severe edema | Loop Diuretics
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| Disease states where thiazides must be used w/ caution | severe renal impairment, DM, electrolyte imbalances, pregnant, elderly, gout
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| Loop Diuretics Drugs | Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid, Furosemide
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| Loop Diuretics ADRs | Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperuricemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypovolemia, ototoxicity
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| Consequences of Thiazide-induced hypokalemia | Arrhythmias, orthostatic hypotension, muscle weakness/cramps/pain
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| hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia | Thiazides ADRs
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| Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperuricemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypovolemia, ototoxicity | Loop Diuretics ADRs
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| K+ sparing diuretics drugs | Amiloride, Spironolactone, Triamterene
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| Mild diuretics, usually used w/ other diuretics | K+ sparing diuretics
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| K+ induced hyperkalemia risk groups | renal impairment, DM, elderly
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| Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia | Parasthesias, muscular weakness flaccid paralysis of extremeties, bradycardia, shock, ECG abnormalities
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| Parasthesias, muscular weakness flaccid paralysis of extremeties, bradycardia, shock, ECG abnormalities | Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia
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| Consequences of Thiazide-induced hypokalemia | Arrhythmias, orthostatic hypotension, muscle weakness/cramps/pain
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| Antagonizes the effects of aldosterone, diuretic activity only in presence of aldosterone | Spironolactone
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| Used in combo w/ HCTZ to prevent HCTZ induced hypokalemia | Spironolactone
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| Causes hirsutism, endocrine problems | Spironolactone
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| Increase intravascular osmotic pressure. Keep water and Na in tubule | Osmotic Diuretics
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| Acetazolamide | Proximal tubule diuretic
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| Chlorothiazide | Thiazide Diuretic (distal conv. tubule)
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| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) | Thiazide Diuretic (distal conv. tubule)
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| Indapamide | Thiazide Diuretic (distal conv. tubule)
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| Amiloride | K+ sparing diuretic
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| Spironolactone | K+ sparing diuretic
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| Triamterene | K+ sparing diuretic
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| Bumetanide | Loop Diuretic
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| Ethacrynic acid | Loop Diuretic
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| Furosemide | Loop Diuretic
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| Mannitol-IV | Osmotic Diuretic
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| Urea-IV | Osmotic Diuretic
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| Glycerin-PO | Osmotic Diuretic
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Created by:
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