Medical terminology
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| Apnea | the absence of breathing, temporary inability to breath
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| Aerophagia | swallowing of air
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| Asthma | respiratory disorder, often of allergic origin, characterized by dyspnea (difficulty breathing), wheezing, and a sense of constriction in the chest
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| Alveoli | tiny air sacs in the lungs at the end of the bronchioles
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| Acidosis | an abnormal increase in the acidity of the blood
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| Anoxia | lack or absence of oxygen
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| Atelectasis | collapse of the lung or a part of the lung (imperfect expansion of the lungs)
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| Bradypnea | slow breathing
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| Bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi
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| Bronchofiberoscopy | use of a flexible bronchofiberscope to examine the tracheobronchial tree
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| Bronchodilator | a substance that acts to dilate constricted bronchial tubes
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| Bronchiectasis | dilation of the bronchi or bronchial tubes
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| Bronchostenosis | narrowing of bronchus
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| Bronchioles | smallest bronchial tubes
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| Broncholith | calculus in a bronchus
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| Bronchostomy | formation of a new opening into a bronchus
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| Bronchus | either of the two main branches of the trachea
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| Bronchorrhagia | bronchial hemorrhage
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| Bronchorrhaphy | suturing of a bronchus
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| Bronchospasm | spasmodic contraction of the muscular lining of the bronchi
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| Crackles | fine crackling or bubbling sounds typically heard upon inspiration
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| Consolidation | process of being solid
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| Corticosteroid | relieves inflammation and replace hormones for adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease).
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| Coryza | inflammation of the nasal passages, cold
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| Croup | acute respiratory syndrome, laryngeal obstruction, barking cough, stridor
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| Cyanosis | bluish color due to hypoxia
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| Cyte | cell
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| COPD | (Chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease)- group of respiratory disorders, characterized by a chronic, partial obstruction of the bronchi and lungs.
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| Diaphragm | muscle partition that separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity and aids in the process of breathing
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| Dermatomycosis | fungal disease of the skin
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| Ectasia/Ectasis | dilation or expansion
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| Emphysema | distention and destruction of the alveoli
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| Empyema | pus in a body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity (pyothorax)
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| Epiglottitis | acute form, a severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and surrounding area that occurs most commonly in children 2-12.
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| Epiglottis | flap covering the windpipe
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| Epistaxis | hemorrhage of the nose or nose bleed
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| Endotracheal | within the trachea
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| Friction rub | dry grating sounds heard upon auscultation with a stethoscope
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| FVC | (Forced Vital Capacity)- measurement of the amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled from the lungs after the deepest inhalation
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| Hypoxemia | oxygen deficiency in the blood
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| Hemo | blood
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| Hemoptysis | condition of bloody sputum. Expectoration (coughing up) blood
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| Hypoxia | oxygen deficiency in the body
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| Hemorrhage | rupture, large amount of blood loss
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| Hyperventilation | excessive movement of air in and out of the lungs, sighing respirations
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| Intercostal | pertaining to between the ribs
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| Influenza | contagious, viral disease, may cause fever, chills, HA (hemagglutinin), muscle (my) pain
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| Inspiration | the act of drawing in the breath. To breathe in
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| IPPB | (Intermittent positive-pressure breathing)
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| Lobectomy | excision of a lobe. Surgical excision or removal of a lobe
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| Larynx | voice box (contains the vocal cords)
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| Laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx
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| Laryngalgia | pain in the larynx
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| Laryngostomy | creating a new opening in larynx
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| Laryngotomy | incision into the larynx to create a temporary opening
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| Laryngocele | herniation of the larynx
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| Laryngopathy | any disease of the larynx
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| Laryngoscope | instrument used to examine the larynx
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| Laryngospasm | spasm of the larynx
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| Melan | black
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| Muc(o) | mucus
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| My(o) | muscle
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| Myc(o) | fungus
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| Mycosis | any condition caused by a fungus
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| Mycoid | resembling fungi
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| Mycology | science and study of fungi
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| Mycodermatitis | inflammation of the skin caused by a fungus
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| Steth | chest
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| Ortho | straight
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| Orthopnea | difficult/ painful breathing in a position except in an erect sitting or standing position. Abel to breathe only when sitting or standing
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| Ptyalo | saliva or sputum (P is silent)
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| Ptyalorrhea | flow of saliva
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| Pertussis | “whooping cough” infection of the respiratory mucous membrane
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| Pnea | breath, breathing, respiration
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| Dyspnea | difficult breathing
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| Pneum(o) | lung/air
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| Pneuma | wind or breath
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| Pneumoderma | collection of air under the skin
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| Pneumothorax | collection of air in the chest cavity
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| Pneumotherapy | treatment with compressed air
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| Pneumometer | an instrument that measures air volume in respiration
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| Pneumoserothorax | collection of air and serum in the chest cavity
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| Pneumopyothorax | collection of air and pus in the chest cavity
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| Pneumon/o | lung
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| Pneumonectomy | excision of part or all of a lung
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| Pneumonotomy | incision of a lung
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| Pneumonopathy | any disease of the lungs
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| Pneumonorrhagia | hemorrhage of a lung
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| Pneumonia | acute inflammation of the lungs caused by a variety of organisms and viruses
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| Pneumonitis | inflammation of the lungs
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| Pneumonomelanosis | lung disease in which lung tissue becomes black due to breathing in black dust, soot, or black smoke
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| Postural drainage | use of body positioning to assist in removal of secretion from specific lobs of the lung, bronchi, or lung cavities
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| Pneumothorax | the presence of air in the pleural cavity
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| Pneumonocele | herniation of the lung through a defect in the chest wall
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| Pneumocentesis | surgical puncture of the lung (to remove fluid)
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| Pneumonopexy | surgical fixation of lung tissue
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| Pleuritis | inflammation of the pleura
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| Pleurectomy | excision of part of the pleura
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| Pleura | membrane enveloping the lungs and lining the walls of the thoracic cavity
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| Pleuralgia | pain in the pleura
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| Pharyngo | throat
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| Pharyngotomy | incision of the pharynx
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| Pharyngopathy | disease of the pharynx
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| Pharyngoplasty | surgical repair of the pharynx
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| Pharyngoscope | instrument to examine the pharynx
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| Pharyngolith | calculus in the wall of the pharynx
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| Pharyngomycosis | a fungus disease of the pharynx
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| Pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx
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| Pharyngocele | herniation of the pharynx
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| Pharyngostenosis | narrowing/stricture of the pharynx
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| Pyothorax | pus in the thorax of the pleural cavity
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| Pharyngomycosis | abnormal fungus condition of the throat
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| Pharyngoplegia | paralysis of the pharynx or throat
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| Phreno | diaphragm
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| Phrenoplegia | paralysis of the diaphragm
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| Phrenectomy | removal of a portion of the phrenic nerve
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| Pulmono | lung
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| Pulmonary/ Pulmonic | pertaining to lungs
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| Pulmonary/Pulmonic valve | heart valve through which blood travels to the lungs. Blood flows from the heart to the lungs via the pulmonary or pulmonic artery.
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| Pulmonary embolus | blood clot moving to the lung
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| Rhinoplasty | surgical repair of the nose
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| Rhinomycosis | fungal disease of the nose
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| Pneumonosis | abnormal condition of the lungs
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| Stridor | high pitched musical sound made on inspiration due to obstruction
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| Spirometry | measures breathing capacity of the lungs
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| Thoracocentesis | surgical puncture of the chest (to remove fluid)
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| Trachea | windpipe
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| Tracheopyosis | condition of the trachea with pus formation
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| Tracheorrhagia | hemorrhage from the trachea
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| Trachealgia | pain in the trachea
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| Tacheocele | herniation of the trachea
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| Tracheostomy | forming an opening in the trachea
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| Tracheoscopy | examination of the trachea
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| Tracheal | pertaining to the trachea
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| Tracheolarygnotomy | incision of trachea and larynx
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| Tracheomalacia | softening of the trachea
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| Tracheopathy | disease of the trachea
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| Tracheotomy | incision of the trachea
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| Tracheostomy | surgical creation of a new opening in the trachea
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| Tachypnea | rapid, fast, elevated breathing
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| Tuberculosis | infectious disease producing small lesions in the lungs
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| Visceropleural | pertaining to the membrane attached to the lung
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| Whoop | sonorous and convulsive sound on inhalation due to spasms in the larynx. Barking or seal cough. Indicative of whooping cough
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| Wheeze | continuous high pitched whistling usually during expiation, narrow airway
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| OSA | obstructive sleep apnea
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| FEV | Forced expiratory (exhaled) volume
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| FEV1 | forced expiratory (exhaled) volume in one second
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| PFT | (pulmonary function test)- test to determine the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and CO2 efficiently
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| Fibromyalgia | a syndrome characterized by fatigue and chronic pain in the muscles as well as in tissues surrounding the joints
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| Cystic fibrosis | production of viscid mucus that obstructs the pancreatic ducts and bronchi
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| Diaphragmatic- hernia | protrusion of the abdominal parts/organs into the chest through the diaphragm
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| Nephritis | inflammation of the kidneys
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| Hepatoma | tumor of the liver
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| ABG | Arterial Blood Gases
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| CA | Cancer; Chronological age; cardiac arrest
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| COPD | (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)- used to describe progressive lung diseases such as emphysema, chronic bronchitis, refractory asthma.
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| CPAP | (Continuous positive airway pressure)- treatment that is used due to enlarged tonsils that cause an airway obstruction
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| CPAP machine | (Continuous positive airway pressure)- machine used to treat sleep apnea.
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| CO2 | Carbon dioxide
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| OSA | (obstructive sleep apnea)- may be due to enlarged tonsils that cause an airway obstruction
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| ARDS | (acute respiratory distress syndrome)- due to severe inflammatory damage that causes abnormal permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane. Alveoli filled with fluid interferes with gas exchange
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| -al | pertaining to
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| -ar | pertaining to
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| -algia-, dynia | pain
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| -ectasis | dilation, expansion
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| -cele | hernia, swelling
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| -centesis | surgical puncture
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| -ectomy | excision, removal
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| -malacia | softening
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| -itis | inflammation
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| -ia | condition
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| -ole | small, minute
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| -osis | abnormal condition, increase (primarily in blood cells)
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| -osmia | smell
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| -oxia | oxygen
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| -rrhea | discharge, flow
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| -scope | instrument for examining
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| -plasty | surgical repair
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| -phagia | swallowing, eating
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| -plegia | paralysis
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| -pnea | breathing
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| -stenosis | narrowing stricture
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| -spasm | involuntary contraction, twitching
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| -thorax | chest
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| -therapy | treatment
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| -tome | instrument to cut
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| -tomy | incision
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| -ist | specialist
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| -itic | pertaining to
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| -ia | condition
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| -logist | study of
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| -pathy | disease
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| An- or A- | without, not
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| Brady- | slow
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| Dys- | bad, painful, difficult
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| Eu- | good, normal
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| Epi- | above, upon
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| Erythr/o | red
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| Hyp-, Hypo- | under, below, deficient
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| Macro- | large
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| Micro- | small
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| Neo- | new
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| Para- | near, beside, beyond
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| Peri- | around
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| Tachy- | rapid
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| Ortho- | straight
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| Pneumon- | lung
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| Melan- | black
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| Py(o) | pus
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