Biology Unit 2 Terms
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| a characteristic or feature of an organism. | trait
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| is doxyribonucleic acid, a chemical found in cells that carries gentic info. | DNA
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| control heredity, the transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring, and determine the gentic traits that will be expressed. | genes
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| are structures composed of genes that are linked togerhter: they come in pairs | chromosomes
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| is a form of asexual reproduction that is needed for the growth and repair fo cells | mitosis
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| chromosomes shorten and become visivle, then the nuclear membrane begins to deteriorate. | prophase
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| the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell | metaphase
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| the chromosomes separate in half, are pulled away from the center, and move ot the opposite ends of the cells | anaphase
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| the chromosomes lengthen, each group reaches one of hte centrioles, and the spindle fibers disintegrate | telophase
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| is the process that produces sex cells | meiosis
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| chromosomes shorten and vecome visible, hte nuclear membrane deteriorates, and the spindle fibers appear. | prophase I
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| the homologous chromosomes line up along the center of the cell and spindle fisbers attach to them. | metapahse I
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| the homoloyous chromosomes separate. these chromosomes move towards opposet sides of the cell | anaphase I
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| in the final pase of meisisI hte cell divides in to two cells. each of the two cells has one double stranded chromosome forom each of the homologous chromosome pairs. | telophase I
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| what is the order of the stages in meiosis | prophase I metaphase I anapahse I telophase I
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| what is the order of the stages in mitosis | prophase metaphase anaphase telophase
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| what is used to express dominant traits | capital case letters
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| what is used to express receseve traits | lower case letters
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| an individual will have a pair of these alleles such as Rr, RR, or rr, representing his or her | genotype
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| the actual trait or characteristic that is expressed is called the | phenotpe
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| ... are used to find the probabiliy that an offspring will express a certain trait | alleles and genotypes
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| the probability that an offspring will express a certanin trait are placed in a chart called a | punnet square
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| what goes on top of a punnet square | male parent's alleles
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| what goes on the left side of a punnet square | female parent's alleles
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| is when two alleles in a genotype are both fully expressed in the phenotype and shows no dominance over each other | co-dominance
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| is when two alleles mix to form a phenotype that is a combination of the two traits. | incomplete dominance
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| traits that are controlled by interactions between more than one pair of genes | polygenic traits
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| are located on the same chromosome, so they will be inherited together. | linked genes
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| are carried on the X or Y chromosomes, which are the chromosomes that determine sex | sex-linked genes
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| is used to predict different combinations of genotypes | di-hybrid cross
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