Ultrasonics LVL 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | Longitudinal
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| Acoustic impedance of material is used to find __________.: (A) Angle of interface refraction (B) Material Attenuation (C) Relative amounts of sound energy coupled through and reflected at the interface (D) Beam spread within the material | show 🗑
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| "When angle beam contact testing incr incident angle beyond second critical angle is reached results in__________.": (A) surface wave total reflection (B) 45° refraction of a shear wave (C) Production of a surface wave (D) No-one of the above | show 🗑
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| Acoustic energy propagates and different modes. Which of the following represents a mode?: (A) A longitudinal wave (B) A Shear wave (C) A surface wave (D) All of the above | show 🗑
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| The simple experiment where a stick in a glass of water appears disjointed at the water surface illustrates the phenomenon of __________.: (A) Reflection (B) Magnification (C) Refraction (D) Diffraction | show 🗑
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| The crystal thickness and transducer frequency are related. The thinner the crystal ______________. (A) The lower the frequency (B) The higher the frequency (C) There is no appreciable effect (D) None of the above | show 🗑
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| show | a. acoustic noise levels
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| The length of zone adjacent to a transducer in which functions in sound pressure and amplitude occur ________________. transducer frequency transducer diameter the length of the transducer cable Transducer diameter and frequency | show 🗑
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| show | All of the above
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| It is possible for a discontinuity smaller than transducer to produce indications of fluctuating amplitude as the transducer is moved laterally if testing is being performed in the _____. Fraunhofer zone Near field Snell field Shadow zone | show 🗑
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| "In immersion testing, the near field effects of a transducer may be eliminated by___________." increasing transducer frequency using a large-diameter transducer using an appropriate water path using a focused transducer, | show 🗑
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| The indication on the instrument display that represents the far boundary of the material being tested is called________?, | show 🗑
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| show | Angulation
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| show | Coaxial cable
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| The process of comparing an instrument or device with a standard is called_______?, | show 🗑
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| show | The back surface reflection
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| The cable that connects the ultrasonic instrument to the transducer is specially designed so that one conductor is centered inside another. The technical name for such a cable is________? | show 🗑
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| The process of comparing an instrument or device with a standard is called_______? | show 🗑
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| Another name for compressional wave is_________? | show 🗑
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| Another name for Rayleigh wave is _______? | show 🗑
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| show | A couplant
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| The piezoelectric material in a transducer that vibrates to produce ultrasonic A bridgewaves is called a __________. | show 🗑
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| Ultrasonic testing of material where the transducer is in direct contact with the material being tested may be __________. *straight beam testing *surface wave testing *angle beam testing | show 🗑
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| An advantage of using lithium sulfate in transducers is that it ______________________________. | show 🗑
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| The transducer that contains the thinnest piezoelectric crystal is a __________. | show 🗑
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| A 25 MHz transducer would most likely be used during ___________. | show 🗑
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| The amount of beam divergence from a crystal is primarily dependant on the _____________. | show 🗑
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| show | Refraction
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| The velocity of surface waves is approximately ___________ the velocity of shear waves in the same material. | show 🗑
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| "Under most circumstances which of the following frequencies would result in the best resolving power. * 1 MHz *5 MHz * 10 MHz * 25 MHz | show 🗑
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| show | 1st back
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| An ultrasonic instrument display pattern containing a large number of low-level indications (often referred to as 'hash') could be caused by ____________. cast material Course-grained material fine grained material poor grained material | show 🗑
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| show | Through-transmission testing
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| show | Frequency of a wave motion
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| The boundary between two different materials that are in contact with each other is called _________. surface interface boundary wave | show 🗑
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| show | compression
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| "When the motion of the particles of a medium is transverse to the direction of propagation the wave being transmitted is called a __________." compression tension shear longitudinal | show 🗑
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| '25 million cycles per second' can also be stated as ______________. 25 MHz | show 🗑
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| show | Scanning
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| show | Velocity
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| "When a vertical indication has reached the maximum signal height which can be displayed or viewed on the display of an ultrasonic instrument the indication has said to have reached its __________." angulating scanning maximize indication peak | show 🗑
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| An ultrasonic testing technique in which the transducer element is not parallel to the test surface is called _________. angulating Shear wave Angle beam testing maximize indication peak | show 🗑
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| show | 0.2 & 25 MHz
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| "In an A-scan presentation the horizontal base line represents __________." indication amplitude elapsed time or distance incident angle indication depth | show 🗑
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| In an A-scan presentation the amplitude of vertical indications on the display represents the _________. amount of sound energy return to transducer indication amplitude incident angle indication depth | show 🗑
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| show | Is the left side- tall display indication that represents the part entry surface.
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| show | Laminar-type flaws with major dimensions parallel to the rolled surface
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| "In ultrasonic testing a liquid coupling medium between crystal and part surface is necessary because _______________." | show 🗑
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| show | Detect discontinuities located just beneath the entry surface in the part being tested
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| show | Angulate: maximum indication response of the discontinuity that is not originally oriented perpendicular to the ultrasonic beam.
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| "All other factors being equal the mode of vibration that has the greatest velocity is the ____________." ,Longitudinal wave | show 🗑
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| "On the area amplitude ultrasonic standard test blocks the flat bottom holes in the blocks are ____________." "Different in diameter, increasing by 0.4 mm (0.16 in) increments from the No. '1' block to the No. '8' block." | show 🗑
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| "In immersion testing verification that the transducer is normal to a flat entry surface is indicated by ____________." Maximum reflection from the entry surface | show 🗑
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| show | Convert mechanical energy into electrical energy
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| A disadvantage of using natural quartz in a transducer is that ______________. It is the least effective generator of ultrasonic energy of all commonly used materials BT -> LS | show 🗑
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| An advantage of using a ceramic transducer in transducers is that it _____________. Is one of the most effective generators of ultrasonic energy. BT -> LS | show 🗑
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| show | Obtain a common reproducible signal
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| show | Cause both an attenuation of sound and indications on the screen.
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| show | Water
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| show | Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
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| The shortest wavelength pulse is produced by a frequency of _______________. 25 MHz | show 🗑
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| The angle of incidence is _________. Equal to the angle of reflection | show 🗑
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| show | Sweep delay control
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| "'100 000 cycles per second' can be written _______." 100 kHz | show 🗑
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| show | An immersion test
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| show | Flat bottom holes
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| The gradual loss of sonic energy as the ultrasonic vibrations travel through the material is referred to as _____________. Attenuation | show 🗑
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| show | Hash
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| "When testing a plate increasing the frequency of an ultrasonic longitudinal wave results in ___________." No change in its velocity | show 🗑
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| Ultrasonic waves transmitted into and received from the test material in the form of repetitive bursts of acoustic energy is called __________. Pulse echo testing | show 🗑
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| "Metal blocks which contain one or more drilled holes to simulate discontinuities. Reference blocks | show 🗑
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| show | Straight beam testing
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| show | Through-transmission testing method
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| The depth of a discontinuity cannot be determined when using the ___________. Through-transmission testing method | show 🗑
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| "When inspecting coarse-grained materials a sound wave is most easily scattered by the grain structure by a frequency of______________." 10 MHz | show 🗑
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| show | A 1 MHz transducer
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| show | A surface discontinuity
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| Transducers constructed with a plastic wedge or standoff between the transducer element and the test piece are commonly used for _____________. Angle beam contact testing | show 🗑
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| show | A mosaic transducer
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| Sound can be focused by means of special curved adapters located in front of the transducer element. These adapters are referred to as___________. Acoustic lenses | show 🗑
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| A test method in which the parts to be inspected are placed in a water bath or some other liquid couplant is called _________ _________. Immersion testing | show 🗑
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| show | A marker
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| A term used to describe the ability of an ultrasonic testing system to distinguish between the entry surface response and the response of discontinuities near the entry surface is ___________. Resolution | show 🗑
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| The phenomenon whereby an ultrasonic wave changes Direction when the wave crosses a boundary between materials with different velocities is called _____________. Refraction | show 🗑
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| "In a test where the transducer is not perpendicular to the inspection surface the angle of incidence is equal to _____________________." The angle of reflection | show 🗑
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| Product of sound acoustic velocity in a material and density of material is the factor that determines amount of reflection or transmission of ultrasonic energy when it reaches an interface. This term is called ______________. Acoustic impedance | show 🗑
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| show | Rayleigh waves
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| The interference field near the face of a transducer is often referred to as the ___________. Fresnel zone | show 🗑
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| "When the incident angle is chosen to be between the first and second critical angles, the ultrasonic wave mode within the part will be a ___________. Shear waves | show 🗑
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| The formula used to calculate the angle of refraction within a material is called ____________. Snell's law | show 🗑
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| "In a material with a given velocity, when frequency is increased, the wavelength will _________. Decrease | show 🗑
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| show | Receiver-amplified circuits
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| The most common type of data display used for Ultrasonic examination of weld is ______________. An A-scan display | show 🗑
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| The display that plot signal amplitude versus time as called ____________. An A-scan display | show 🗑
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| A circuit that modifies the return signal from the receiving transducer into a form suitable for display on an oscilloscope or other output device is called a ____________. Receiver-amplifier | show 🗑
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| A circuit that generates a burst alternating voltage that is applied to the sending transducer is called a ___________. Pulser | show 🗑
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| A circuit that coordinates electronic operation of the entire ultrasonic instrument system is called ___________. A power supply | show 🗑
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| A plan view display or recording of a part under examination is called ____________. A C-scan presentation | show 🗑
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| "Ultrasonic data which is presented in a form representative of the cross section of the test specimen. A B-scan presentation | show 🗑
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| show | Immersion testing
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| show | Detection of obliquely-oriented discontinuities
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| A type of data presentation most likely to be used with a high speed automatic scanning system is ________________., A C-scan presentation | show 🗑
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| Component in a UT immersion system that spans the width of the immersion tank is called _____________. A bridge | show 🗑
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| The component in UT immersion system that is used to adjust and maintain a known transducer angle is called ___________. A manipulator | show 🗑
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| An amplitude type gate is necessary for all ___________. Automatic examinations | show 🗑
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| show | Location & size (plan view)
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| show | A loss off echo amplitude from discontinuities
An increase in the width of the front surface echo
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| "As the grain size increases in a material, its principle effect in ultrasonic testing is on the ___________.", Attenuation | show 🗑
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| show | It decreases the detected signal
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| show | Machine oil
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| show | The same as the velocity at 0.5 inches (13 mm)
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| show | The wavelength should be shorter______________."
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| What can cause non relevant indications on the cathode ray tube?,* contoured surface * edge effects * surface conditions | show 🗑
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| The proper interpretation and evaluation of the presented defect signals are essential to any non-destructive test. A common method for the estimation of a defect size is the use of ____________. A reference standard | show 🗑
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| show | Near field
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| show | Test material parameter
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| "For discontinuity geometries other than flat, the echo amplitude is usually __________ from that observe for a flat defect, of similar orientation perpendicular to the sound beams." Decreased | show 🗑
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| show | Angulate the transducer
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| The pulser circuit in an ultrasonic instrument is used to _____________., Activate the transducer | show 🗑
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| show | A RF display
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| show | Distance a discontinuity is from the transducer and it's length in the direction of the transducer travel.
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| Surface (Rayleigh) waves traveling on the top face of a block ______________., Are reflected from a sharp edge corner. | show 🗑
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| show | A heavy couplant
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| The velocity of sound in a material is dependent upon the _________________. Material properties (I.e. Density & elasticity) | show 🗑
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| "To vary or change the wavelength of sound being used to test a part change the _______________." ,Sound wave frequency | show 🗑
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| show | Examine materials for discontinuities * examine materials for thickness * examine materials for mechanical properties
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| show | 0.5 inch (13mm) diameter 2.25 MHz
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| show | Interference of UT signals and undesirable fluctuations in Signal amplitude result.
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| show |
increased inspection speed
the ability to control and detect sound beams
adaptability for automated scanning
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| show | ,1/4 the test piece thickness plus 0.25 inches (6mm)
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| "In immersion testing, a wetting agent is added to the water to ____________________.", Help eliminate the formation of air bubbles | show 🗑
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| The formula used to determine the fundamental resonant frequency is _____________, F = V/2T | show 🗑
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| show | Decreases (becomes shorter)
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| show | Metal distance above the drilled hole
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| show | Near field effects
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| Most ferrous and non-ferrous welds may be ultrasonically tested using a frequency range of __________. 1 - 2.25 MHz | show 🗑
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| show | Acoustic impedance
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| show | All of above
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| show | Increase the water path
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| "For a given incident angle, as the frequency of the transducer increases, the refracted angle _______________.", Stays the same | show 🗑
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| show | Between normal (90°) and the first critical angle
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| show | Increase the water path
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| "Penetration of ultrasonic waves in a material is normally the function of the test frequency that is used. The greatest depth of penetration is provided by a frequency of ____________. ( 1 MHz, 2.25 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz)",1 MHz | show 🗑
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| show | Lithium sulfate BT->LS
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| Refracted energy assumes a new direction of propagation when ___________ is changed., Incident angle | show 🗑
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| The loss of energy as it propagates through material is the result of beam ____________., Attenuation | show 🗑
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| " Which characteristics would not affect the selection? " (propagation mode, material surface finish and temperature, transducer operating frequency, couplant chemical properties)", Operating frequency of the transducer | show 🗑
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| Excessive surface roughness of the material being tested can cause ___________________., A loss of echo amplitude from discontinuities within the material | show 🗑
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| Reference or calibration standards are used for _____________., Providing a method of standardizing the test system | show 🗑
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| The change in direction of an ultrasonic beam when it passes from one material to another material in which elasticity and density differ is called ___________. Refraction | show 🗑
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| "If a discontinuity is oriented at an angle other than 90° to the sound beam, the result may be a _______________.", Loss orlack of signal reflected from the discontinuity | show 🗑
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| A device that transforms electrical impulses into mechanical and vice-versa utilizes _____________________., Piezoelectric principles | show 🗑
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| Whenever an ultrasonic incident angle is set at 5° from normal _________________.," The refracted wave has two components, one of which will be the same mode as the incident wave" | show 🗑
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| show | The amplitude of the reflected signal may increase or decrease as the water path decreases."
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| If a transducer is vibrating at a frequency and injecting ultrasonic energy through water into a steel specimen _____________., | show 🗑
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| show | the back surface reflection.
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| show | angulation .
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| The UT cable is specially designed so that 1 conductor is centered inside another. The technical name for such a cable is: A. B X cable B.conduit C.coaxial cable D.ultrasonic conductor cable -grade 20. | show 🗑
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| show | calibration
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| Another name for a compressional wave is: A. lamb wave. B. shear wave. C. longitudinal wave. D. transverse wave. | show 🗑
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| A second name for Rayleigh waves is: A. shear waves. B. longitudinal waves. C. transverse waves. D. surface waves. | show 🗑
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| show | a couplant .
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| The piezoelectric material in a search unit which vibrates to produce ultrasonic waves is called: A. a backing material. B. a Lucite wedge. C. a transducer element or crystal . D. a couplant . | show 🗑
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| Ultrasonic testing where search unit directly contacts test part: A. straight beam testing B. Surface Wave Testing C. Angle beam testing D. All of above | show 🗑
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| show | Most efficient receivers of UT energy BT -> LS
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| Search unit in Figure 1 is used for: A. Surface Wave Testing B. Angle beam testing C. Immersion Testing D. Straight beam Testing | show 🗑
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| show | A 25-megahertz search unit
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| A 25 megahertz search unit would most likely be used during: A. straight beam contact testing. B. immersion testing. C. angle beam contact scanning. D. surface wave contact testing. | show 🗑
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| show | frequency and crystal size.
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| show | Refraction
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| . Figure 2 illustrates contact test on 8" Al block. Disc is 6" from surface. Screen is shown as figure 2. What does A represent? A. initial pulse or front surface ind B. First disc indication C. First back surface reflection D. None of these | show 🗑
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| . What does indication B represent in Figure 2? A. Initial pulse or front surface indication B. First discontinuity indication C. First back surface reflection D. None of these | show 🗑
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| show | First back surface reflection
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| . What does indication D represent in Figure 2? A. First discontinuity indication B. Second indication of the discontinuity C. First back surface reflection D. Second back surface reflection | show 🗑
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| . What does indication E represent in Figure 2? A. First discontinuity indication B. Second discontinuity indication C. First back surface reflection D. Second back surface reflection | show 🗑
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| show | 9/10's
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| . Figure 3 is immersion test of 3-inch AL block with 2" below surface disc. What does ind A represent with no sweep delay used? A . First front surface ind B. Initial pulse C. First discontinuity ind D. First back surface reflection | show 🗑
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| . Figure 3, indication B represents the: A. first front surface indication. B. initial pulse. C. first back surface reflection . D. first discontinuity reflection. | show 🗑
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| ln Figure 3, indication C represents the: A. first front surface indication. B. first discontinuity indication. C. first back surface reflection. D. second front surface indication . | show 🗑
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| . In Figure 3, indication D represents the: A. first discontinuity indication. B. first back surface reflection. C. second front surface indication. D. second discontinuity indication. | show 🗑
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| show | the water distance from search unit AL block
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| show | 23 megahertz
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| show | A coarse grained casting
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| . In contact testing, the entry surface indication is sometimes referred to as: A . the initial pulse. B. the “main bang” or transmitter pulse. C. both A and B. D. none of the above. | show 🗑
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| show | coarse grained material.
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| show | through transmission testing.
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| show | frequency of a wave motion.
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| show | an interface.
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| show | longitudinal wave.
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| show | shear wave.
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| . "25 million cycles per second” can also be stated as: A. 25 kilohertz. B. 2500 kilohertz. C. 25 megahertz. D. 25 microhertz. | show 🗑
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| . Moving a search unit over a test surface either manually or automatically is referred to as: A. scanning. B. attenuating. C. angulating. D. resonating, | show 🗑
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| . A term used in ultrasonics to express the rate at which sound waves pass through various substances is: A. frequency B. velocity C. wave length D. pulse length | show 🗑
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| show | C. vertical level.
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| show | A. angle beam testing
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| show | A. angle of incidence.
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| show | B. angle of reflection.
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| . In Figure 4, angle 3 (Ɵ3) is called the: A. angle of incidence. B. angle of reflection . C. angle of refraction . D. none of the above. | show 🗑
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| . Most commercial ultrasonic testing is accomplished using frequencies between: A. I and 25 k ilohertz. B. 0.2 and 25 megahertz. C. I and l,000 kilohertz. D. 15 and 100 megahertz. | show 🗑
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| show | C. elapsed time or distance.
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| In an A-scan presentation, height of vertical ind on screen represents the: A. amount of UT sound energy returning to the search unit . B. search unit distance traveled C. tested material thickness. D. UT pulse elapsed time. | show 🗑
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| show | A. I .0 MHz
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| show | A. is part entry surface - high ind on far left screen.
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| show | D. the back surface reflection.
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| In immersion testing, vary search unit position to transmit sound into the test part at various angles to the front surface. Such a procedure is referred to as: angulation . dispersion. reflection testing. refraction | show 🗑
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| show | coaxial cable.
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| show | calibration
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| show | longitudinal wave.
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| show | surface waves.
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| show | a couplant
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| Ultrasonic testing where search unit directly contacts test part: straight beam testing Surface Wave Testing Angle beam testing All | show 🗑
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| An advantage of using Lithium sulfate search units: Most efficient generators of UT energy Most efficient receivers of UT energy It is insoluble Can withstand temps to 700° | show 🗑
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| Search unit in Figure 1 is used for: Straight beam Testing Surface Wave Testing Angle beam testing Immersion Testing | show 🗑
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| show | A 25-megahertz search unit
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| show | immersion testing.
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| show | frequency and crystal size.
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| show | Refraction
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| Figure 2 illustrates contact test on 8" Al block. Disc is 6" from surface. Screen is shown as figure 2. What does A represent? initial pulse or front surface ind First disc indication First back surface reflection | show 🗑
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| What does indication B represent in Figure 2? Initial pulse or front surface indication First discontinuity indication First back surface reflection None of these | show 🗑
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| What does indication C represent in Figure 2? Second back surface reflection First discontinuity indication Second discontinuity indication First back surface reflection | show 🗑
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| show | Second indication of the discontinuity
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| show | Second back surface reflection
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| The velocity of surface waves is about ____ the velocity of shear waves in same material. 2 times 4 times one half 9/10's | show 🗑
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| Figure 3 is immersion test of 3-inch AL block with 2" below surface dis What does ind A represent with no sweep delay used? First front surface ind Initial pulse First discontinuity ind First back surface reflection | show 🗑
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| show | first front surface indication.
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| ln Figure 3, indication C represents the: first front surface indication. first discontinuit y indication. first back surface reflection. second front surface indication . | show 🗑
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| In Figure 3, indication D represents the: first discontinuity indication. first back surface reflection. second front surface indication. second discontinuity indication. | show 🗑
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| In Figure 3, the distance between ind A and B represents: the distance AL block front surface to discontinuity. the distance AL block front surface to back surface . the water distance from search unit AL block none of the above. | show 🗑
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| show | 23 megahertz
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| Which of following materials produces greatest sound attenuation over given distance? hand forging coarse grained casting extrusion The attenuation is equal in all materials | show 🗑
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| In contact testing, the entry surface indication is sometimes referred to as: . the initial pulse. the “main bang” or transmitter pulse. both A and B none of the above. | show 🗑
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| A screen pattern containing a large number of low-level indications (hash) could be caused by: a crack. a large inclusion. coarse grained material. a gas pocket. | show 🗑
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| show | through transmission testing.
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| show | frequency of a wave motion.
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| show | an interface.
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| show | longitudinal wave.
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| show | shear wave.
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| "25 million cycles per second” can also be stated as: 25 kilohertz. 2500 kilohertz. 25 megahertz. 25 microhertz. | show 🗑
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| Moving a search unit over a test surface either manually or automatically is referred to as: scanning. attenuating. angulating. resonating, | show 🗑
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| show | velocity
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| When a vertical indication has reached max signal height displayed on UT instrument, the indication is said to have reached its: distance-amplitude height. absorption level. vertical level. limit of resolution. | show 🗑
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| An ultrasonic testing technique in which the transducer element is not parallel to the test surface is called: angle beam testing immersion testing contact testing through-transmission testing. | show 🗑
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| In Figure 4, angle 1 (Ɵ1) is called the: angle of incidence. angle of reflection, angle of refraction. none or the above. | show 🗑
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| In Figure 4, angle 2 (Ɵ2) is called the: angle of incidence. angle of reflection. angle of refraction. none of the above . | show 🗑
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| In Figure 4, angle 3 (Ɵ3) is called the: angle of incidence angle of reflection angle of refraction none of the above. | show 🗑
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| show | 0.2 and 25 megahertz.
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| In an A-scan presentation, the horizontal base line represents the: amount of reflected ultrasonic sound energy. distance traveled by the search unit. elapsed time or distance. none of the above. | show 🗑
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| In an A-scan presentation, height of vertical ind on screen represents the: amount of UT sound energy returning to the search unit . search unit distance traveled tested material thickness. UT pulse elapsed time. | show 🗑
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| which test frequencies would generally provide the best penetration in a 12-inch thick specimen of coarse-grained steel? I .0 MHz 2. 25 MHz 5.0 MHz 10.0 MHz | show 🗑
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| In contact UT (A-scan), the initial pulse (no sweep delay is used): is part entry surface - high ind on far left screen. is part back side - last pulse far right screen is an ind that phases during screening. is second left pulse | show 🗑
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| show | c. a transducer element or crystal
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