Pharmacology for Health Professionals
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| NEUROLOGICAL MEDICATIONS: Chronic abnormal electrical activity in the brain causing seizures is called | epilepsy aka a seizure disorder.
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| Chronic means | persistent or recurring.
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| Seizures that cause convulsions are called | grand mal seizures
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| Grand mal seizures (convulsions) include body stiffening called | tonic phase followed by violent jerking called the clonic phase.
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| Grand mal seizures (convulsions) are characterized (described) by: | 1. LOC which stands for loss of consciousness.
2. Biting of the lingua aka tongue
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| Grand mal seizures (convulsions) are characterized by | 3. Urinary incontinence which means loss of bladder control aka enuresis.
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| Characterized means | described.
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| Seizures characterized (described) by a brief sudden amnesic lapse (failure) of awareness are called: | petit mal seizures aka absence seizures.
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| Amnesic means | memory loss
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| Petit mal seizures (absence seizures) are more common in | children
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| A premonition of an impending seizure is called an | aura
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| Premonition means | forewarning
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| Impending means | about to happen
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| Auras (premonitions) include: | 1. A sudden sense of unprovoked fear.
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| Unprovoked means | no cause
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| Auras include | A deja vu experience which is a feeling that what's happening has happened before
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| Auras are | forewarnings aka premonition.
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| Auras include: | A sensation of a sudden or strange odor or taste.
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| The period of time after a seizure when the victim may experience disorientation (confusion) and somnolence is called the | postictal state
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| Somnolence means | sleepiness
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| Medications classified to treat epilepsy (seizures) are called | antiseizure medications or
antieleptic s or
anticonvulsants.
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| A medication classified as an antiseizure medication is called | Dilantin aka phenytoin.
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| Seizures are | chronic (persistent) abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
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| A medication classified as an antiseizure medication is called | phenobarbitol (phenobarb)
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| Seizures that cause convulsions are called | grand mal seizures.
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| A medication classified as an antiseizure medication is called | Lamictal
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| A medication classified as an antiseizure medication is called | Keppra
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| Seizures characterized by a brief sudden amnesic (memory loss) lapse (failure) of awareness are called | petit mall seizures aka absence seizures
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| A medication classified as an antiseizure medication is called: | Topamax
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| Topamax is also classified to treat | migraines and treat bipolar mental disorder (BMD)
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| Use of Topomax during gestation has been linked to birth defects such as: | cleft labia (lip) and/or cleft palate.
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| Gestation means | pregnancy
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| Seizure activity lasting longer than 10 minutes is called | status epilepticus.
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| Seizures are chronic (persistent) abnormal | electrical activity in the brain.
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| A medication classified to treat status epilepticus is called | Diastat aka diazepam
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| ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a | progressive degenerative encephalopathy which means brain disease of advancing deterioration.
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| AD is characterized by behavioral changes and progressive loss of cognitive abilities called | dementia
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| Cognitive abilities refer to | comprehension (understanding), memory and judgement (reasoning).
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| A medication classified to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) is called | Aricept
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| A medication classified to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) is called: | Exelon
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| Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized (described) by behavioral changes and progressive loss of cognitive abilities called | dementia
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| A medication classified to treat AD is called | Namenda
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| Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative encephalopathy which means | brain disease of advancing deterioration
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| PARKINSON'S DISEASE: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a | progressive encephalopathy affecting movement.
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| Encephalopathy means | disease condition of the brain.
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| Parkinson's disease is characterized by | Hypomimia which means decreased facial expression aka a mask-like facial expression.
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| Involuntary (no control) shaking muscles called | tremors or pill rolling.
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| Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized (described) by | Hypertonia which means muscle rigidity (stiffness)
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| Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized (described) by | Slobbering aka drooling
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| Medications classified to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) include: | Duodopa
Parcopa and
Sinemet (compound (combination of) carbidopa and levodopa
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| A medication classified to treat Parkinson's disease is called | Requip
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| Parkinson's disease is caused by deficiency of a chemical neurotransmitter in the brain called | dopamine
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| A medication classified to treat Parkinson's disease is calle | Mirapex
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| Mirapex is also classified to treat RLS which stands for | restless leg syndrome
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| SLEEP MEDICATIONS: The inability to obtain adequate sleep is called | insomnia
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| Medications classified to treat insomnia are called | hypnotics
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| A medication classified as a hypnotic is | Ambien
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| A medication classified as a hypnotic is | Lunesta
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| A medication classified as a hypnotic is | Rozarem
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| A medication classified as a hypnotic is | Restoril aka temazepam
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| Medications classified as OTC hypnotics include | Nytol
Sominex
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| OTC stands for | Over the counter
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| Benadryl (diphenhydraine) is classified as an | antihistamine
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| A common side effect of many antihistamines is | drowsiness
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| PSYCHIATRIC MEDICATIONS Anxiety, nervousness and tension at a more intense level than normal is called | neurosis (neurotic)
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| Anxiety means | worry
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| Anxiety can be associaated with phobias such as | Acrophobia - fear of heights.
Arachnophobia - fear of spiders
Agoraphobia - fear of open spaces
Claustrophobia - fear of confined spaces
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| Spontaneous anxiety, anxiousness and tension at a more intense level than normal is called a | panic (anxiety) attack.
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| Spontaneous | no cause
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| Medications classified to treat neuroses are called | sedatives or
antianxiety medications or
minor tranquilizers (SAM)
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| A medication classified as a sedative is called | Xanax aka alprazolam
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| Anxiety, anxiousness, and tension at a more intense level than normal is called | neurosis (neurotic)
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| A medication classified as a sedative is called | Valium aka diazepam
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| Spontaneous (no cause) anxiety, anxiousnes and tension at a more intense level than normal is called a | panic (anxiety) attack.
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| A medication classified as a sedative is called | Librium aka chlordiazepoxide
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| A medication classified as a sedative is called | Tranxene
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| Medications classified to treat neuroses are also called | antianxiety medications or minor tranquilizers
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| A medication classified as a sedative is called | Ativan aka lorazepam
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| Sedatives aka antianxiety medications or minor tranquilizers (SAM) can lose effectiveness if combined with | caffeine. Caffeine is classified as a stimulant.
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| Psychosis can result in a false interpretation of sensory stimuli ("mirage") called | an illusion
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| Psychosis is a psychiatric disorder characterized (described) by | losing touch with realty.
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| Psychosis can result in a | false belief called a delusion.
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| A false belief of possessing superior qualities (I am Jesus Christ) is called a | delusion of grandeur
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| A false belief of being persecuted by an individual or group is called a | paranoid delusion
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| Persecuted means | harassed (tormented)
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| Psychosis can result in perception of something that does not exist called a | hallucination
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| Perception means | awareness
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| Seeing something that does not exist is called a | visual hallucination
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| Hearing something that does not exist is called an | auditory hallucination
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| Medications classified to treat psychoses are called | MAN (pneumonic)
major tranquilizers or
antipsychotics or
neuroleptics
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| Radical (extreme) mood swings from manic (restless high) to depressive (listless low) is abbreviated BMD which stands for | bipolar mental disorder
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| Bipolar mental disorder (BMD) is also referred to as MDI which stands for | manic-depressive illness
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| A medication classified as an antidepressant and treatment for bipolar mental disorder(BMD) is called |
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| Psychosis is a psychiatric disorder characterized (described) by | losing touch with reality.
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| A medication classified as an antipsychotic and treatment for bipolar mental disorder (BMD) is called | Seroquel
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| Bipolar mental disorder (BMD) causes | radical (extreme) mood swings from manic (restless highs) to depressive ( listless lows).
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| A medication classified as an antipsychotic and treatment for BMD is called | Zyprxa
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| A medication classified as an antipsychotic and treatment for BMP is called | Risperdal
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| Bipolar mental disorder (BMD) is also referred to as MDI which stands for | manic-depressive illness
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| A medication classified as an antipsychotic and treatment for BMP is called | Abilify
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| Abilify is also classified as an | antidepressant
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| A neurological disorder characterized (described) by involuntary body movements (tics) and vocal noises is abbreviated TS which stands for | Tourette's syndrome
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| Involuntary means | uncontrollable.
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| A medication classified as an antipsychotic and treatment for Tourette's syndrome is called | Haldol aka haloperidol
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| seeing something that does not exist is called a | visual hallucination
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| A medication classified to treat bipolar mental disorder (BMD) is called | Lithobid aka lithium
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| A medication classified to treat bipolar mental disorder (BMD) is | Latuda
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| A mood disorder causing chronic (persistent) feelings of sadness and loss of interest is abbreviated MDD which stands for | major depressive disorder
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| Major depressive disorder (MDD) is aka | clinical depression
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| Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized (described) by | 1. Chronic (persistent) sadness.
2. Feelings of helplessness and/or hopelessness and/or worthlessness.
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| Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized (described) by | 3. Lack of pleasure in any activity.
4. A feeling of wrongdoing called guilt.
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| Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized (described) by | 5. Inability to obtain adequate sleep called insomnia.
6. Anorexia which means no appetite
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| Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized (described) by | 7. Thoughts of ending one's life called suicide
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| Medications classified to treat MDD are called | antidepressants
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| Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by | chronic (persistent) sadness
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| A medication classified as an antidepressant is called | 1. Effexor
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| MDD is characterized by feelings of | helplessness or
hopelessness or
worthlessness
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| A medication classified as an antidepressant is called | 2. Pristiq
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| Major depressive disorder 9MDD) is characterized (described) by | lack of pleasure in any activity.
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| A medication classified as an antidepressant is called | 3. Lexapro
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| A medication classified as an antidepressant is called | 4. Paxil
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| A medication classified as an antidepressant is called | 5. Prozac
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| A medication classified as an antidepressant is called | 6. Zoloft
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| Lexapro, Prozac, Paxil or Zoloft use during pregnancy increases the chances of birth defects such as: | a. ASD which stands for atrial septal defect.
b. VSD which stands for ventricular septal defect
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| Lexapro, Prozac, Paxil or Zoloft use during pregnancy increases the chances of birth defects such as: | c. PPHN which stands for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (newborn)
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| Lexapro, Prozac, Paxil or Zoloft use during pregnancy increases the chances of birth defects such as: | d. SB which stands for spina bifida
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| A medication classified as an antidepressant is called: | Cymbalta. Cymbalta is classified as a treatment for OA which means osteoarthritis.
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| A medication classified as an antidepressant is called: | Wellbutrin aka bupropion
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| Wellbutrin is also classified as a | non-nicotine smoking cessation medication.
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| some antidepressants can cause | suicidal tendencies in children and teens
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| Depression has been linked to a | deficiency of omega 3 fatty acids found in fish.
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| A condition characterized by inattention (distraction) impulsivity, excessive motor activity (movement) is abbreviated ADHD which stands for | attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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| Impulsivity means | acting before thinking
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| A medication classified to treat ADHD is called | Focalin
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| A medication classified to treat ADHD is called | Catapres/clonidine
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| Catapres is also classified as an | antihypertensive and NNSC medication
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| The generic name for Catapres is | clonidine
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| A medication classified to treat ADHD is caled | Adderall
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| ADHD stands for | attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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| SLEEP Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming | daytime drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep.
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| Overwhelming means | overpowering
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| A medication classified to treat ADHD and narcolepsy is called | Ritalin/methylphenidate
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| A medication classified to treat ADHD and narcolepsy is called | Concerta/methylphenidate
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| A medication classified to treat ADHD and narcolepsy is called | Quillivant/methylphenidate
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| ALCOHOLISM A medication classified to treat alcoholism is called | Antabuse
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| Alcoholism occurs when consuming alcohol causes problems wit | family and/or
employment and/or
friends
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| Antabuse will not allow alcohol to be absorbed and mixing with Antabuse will cause | weakness, chest pain, headache, anxiety, vertigo, blurred vision, profuse sweatiness, difficulty breathing, nausea and vomiting.
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| ANALGESICS Analgesic means | pertaining to no pain
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| Analgesics are classified as | narcotic analgesics or non-narcotic analgesics
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| Narcotic analgesics derived (obtained) from or act like opium are called | opiates (opioids)
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| Narcotic analgesics can cause an | addictive feeling of well being called euphoria.
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| Many analgesics function by raising the | pain threshold (tolerance)
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| Common side effects (SE) of narcotic analgesics include | a. N+V which stands for nausea + vomiting
b. opioid induced constipation
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| A medication classified as narcotic analgesic is called | Dilaudid
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| Narcotic analgesics derived from opium are called | opiates
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| A medication classified as narcotic analgesic is called | Demerol/meperidine
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| Narcotic analgesics can cause an | addictive feeling of well being called euphoria
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| A medication classified as narcotic analgesic is called | MS Contin and Roxanol/morphine sulfate`
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| Many analgesics function by raising the | pain threshold (tolerance)
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| A medication classified as narcotic analgesic is called | Nubain (no pain)
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| Analgesic means | pertaining to no pain.
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| A medication classified as narcotic analgesic is called | Zohydro ER/hydrocodone
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| Zohydro ER use is controversial because of a high risk of | addiction (abuse)
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| One accidental dose of Zohydro ER | can be fatal.
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| A medication classified as narcotic analgesic is called | OxyContin/oxycodone
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| OxyContin is tamper resistant because when crushed for injection, it becomes | inert aka inactive
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| A medication classified as narcotic analgesic is called | Duragesic/fentanyl
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| A medication classified as narcotic analgesix is called | codeine
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| Codeine is also classified as an | antussive which means cough suppressant
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| A medication classified to treat narcotic (opium) addiction is called | Suboxone
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| PYREXIA - FEVER Pyrexia means | fever
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| Medications classified to reduce fever are called | antipyretics
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| A medication classified as a non-narcotic analgesic and antipyretic is called | Tylenol/acetaminophen/APAP
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| A medication classified as an acetaminophen (APAP) antagonist is called | Acetadote
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| Antagonist (antidote) means | a medication or drug that deactivates another medication or drug.
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| A medication classified as an anticoagulant, non-narcotic analgesic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatoryt drug and antipyretic is abbreviated ASA which stands for aspirin | aspirin
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| Trade names for aspirin (ADA) include | St. Joseph, Bayer, Ecorin
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| Aspirin (ASA) should not be administered (given) to children because of the risk of encephalopathy abbreviate RS which stands for | Reyes syndrom
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| Encephalopathy means | disease condition of the brain
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| Aspirin (ASA) is contraindicated wit anticoagulants because of a possible | exaggerate effect called synergism
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| Contraindicated means | inadvisable or unwise
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| Buffers (alkalotics) are administered to reduce | stomach upset
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| Buffered aspirin (ASA) medications include | Alka-Seltzer
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| Buffered aspirin (ASA) medications include | Ascriptin
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| Buffers are | alkalotics
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| Buffers (alkalotics) are administered to | reduce stomach upset
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| Buffered aspirin (ASA) medications include | Bufferin
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| Buffers include | Al which stands for aluminum
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| Buffers include | Mg which stands for magnesium
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| Buffers include | CA which stands for calcium
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| Bufers include | NaHCO3 which stands for sodium bicarbonate
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| Aspirin (ASA), acetaminophen, APAP, diphenhydramine and caffeine combination medications include | Anacin maximum strength which contains aspirin + cafeine
Bayer PM which contains ASA + diphenhydramine
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| Narcotic analgesics and non-narcotic analgesics are commonly combined to produce an | exaggerated effect called synergism
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| Analgesic means | pertaining to pain
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| A medication classified as a narcotic analgesic and non-narcotic analgesic is called | Percodan/oxycodone + aspirin (ASA)
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| Medications classified as narcotic analgesics and non-narcotic analgesics include: | Tylox, Roxicet and Percocet/oxycodone + acetaminophen.
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| A medication classified as a narcotic analgesic and non-narcotic analgesic is called | Tylenol #3/codeine + acetaminophen (APAP)
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| Medications classified as a narcotic analgesic and non-narcotic analgesic is called: | Vicodin, Lorcet/acetaminophen (APAP) + hydrocodone.
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| Medications classified as antipyretics + NSAID + non-narcotic analgesic is called | Motrin and Advil/ibuprofen
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| Medications classified as antipyretics + NSAID + non-narcotic analgesic is called | Aleve and Naprosyn/naproxen
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| Medications classified as antipyretics + NSAID + non-narcotic analgesic is called | Celebrex/celecoxib
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| Motrin or Advil or Celebrex use after myocardial infarction (MI) can increase the risk of CVD which stands for | cardiovascular disease
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| The generic name for Motrin or Advil is | ibuprofen
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| The generic name for Celebrex is | celecoxib
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| MIGRAINES A migraine is a chronic (recurring), severe, commonly temporal headache (HA) accompanied by | N+V which stands for nausea and vomiting.
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| A migraine is a chronic (recurring), severe, commonly temporal headache (HA) accompanied by | Phonophobia which means sensitivity to sound
Photophobia which means sensitivity to light
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| Migraines appear to be precipitated by vasodilation of the | intracranial arteries
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| Precipitated means | caused
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| Vasodilation means | increased diameter (lumen) of the arteries
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| A medication classified to treat migraines is called | Imitrex
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| A migraine is a | chronic (recurring), severe, commonly temporal headache.
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| A medication classified to treat migraines is called | Maxalt
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| A migraine can be accompanied by phonophobia which means | sensitivity to sound
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| A medication classified to treat migraines is called | Treximet
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| A migraine can be accompanied by photophobia which means | sensitivity to light
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| A medication classified to treat migraines is called | Botox
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| Migraines appear to be precipitated (caused) by | vasodilation (increased lumen) of the intracranial nerves
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| A medication classified to treat migraines is called | Tenormin/atenolol
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| Tenormin (atenolol) is also classified as an | antianginal and antihypertensive
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| A medication classified to treat migraines is called | Lopressor/metoprolol
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| Lopressor (metoprolol) is also classified as an | antianginal and antihypertensive
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| A medication classified to treat migraines is called | Corgard/nadolol
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| Corgard (nadolol) is also classified as an | antianginal and antihypertensive
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| A medication classified to treat migraines is called | Inderal/propranolol
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| Inderal (propranolol) is also classified as an | antianginal + antihypertensive + antiarrhythmic
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| A medication classified to treat migraines is called | Calan/verapamil
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| Calan (verapamil) is also classified as an | antianginal + antihypertensive + antiarrhythmic
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| ANESTHETICS Anesthesia means | condition of no feeling or nervous sensation
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| General anesthesia involves LOC which stands for | loss of consciousness
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| Anesthesia involving a small area of skin and adjacent tissue is called | local anesthesia
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| Spinal anesthesia is injected into the space below the arachnoid matter called the | subdural space
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| The subarachnoid space contains a clear liquid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord abbreviated | CSF which stands for cerebrospinal fluid
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| Anesthesia that causes loss of consciousness (nervous sensation) to a region of the body is called a | regional anesthesia aka a nerve block.
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| Epidural anesthesia is a type of regional anesthesia injected into the space above the dura mater called | the epidural space
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| Regional anesthesia | a nerve block
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| A medication classified as a local anesthetic include: | Xylocaine and Solarcaine/lidocaine
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| Xylocaine (lidocaine) is also classified to treat | arrhythmias
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| A medication classified as an anesthetic is called | Marcaine
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| A medication classified as an anesthetic is called | Tetracaine othalmic
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| Ophthalmic means | pertaining to the eyes
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| A medication classified as an anesthetic is called | Novocain/procaine
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| Initial anesthesia causing LOC is called | induction anesthesia
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| Initial means | beginnin
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| LOC stands or | loss of consciousness
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| Additional anesthesia to place the client in a coma is called | general anesthesia
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| Coma means | unconsciousness without response to stimuli
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| A medication classified as an induction anesthetic is called | Etomidate
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| Induction anesthesia means | initial (beginning) anesthesia causing loss of consciousness (LOC)
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| A medication classified as an induction anesthetic is called | Propofol
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| Medication that block nerve impulses (signals) to the muscles causing paralysis are classified as | neuromuscular blockers
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| A medication classified as a neuromuscular blocker is called | Anectine/succinylcholine or "succs"
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| Neuromuscular blockers cause | paralysis (no feeling and no movement)
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| A preoperative (preop) medication classified to decrease airway secretions is called | atropine
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| Preoperative (preop) means | before surgery
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| Neuromuscular blockers cause | paralysis (no feeling and no movement).
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| Atropine is also classified to | treat severe bradycardia.
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