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Pharmacology for Health Professionals

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NEUROLOGICAL MEDICATIONS: Chronic abnormal electrical activity in the brain causing seizures is called   epilepsy aka a seizure disorder.  
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Chronic means   persistent or recurring.  
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Seizures that cause convulsions are called   grand mal seizures  
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Grand mal seizures (convulsions) include body stiffening called   tonic phase followed by violent jerking called the clonic phase.  
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Grand mal seizures (convulsions) are characterized (described) by:   1. LOC which stands for loss of consciousness. 2. Biting of the lingua aka tongue  
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Grand mal seizures (convulsions) are characterized by   3. Urinary incontinence which means loss of bladder control aka enuresis.  
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Characterized means   described.  
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Seizures characterized (described) by a brief sudden amnesic lapse (failure) of awareness are called:   petit mal seizures aka absence seizures.  
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Amnesic means   memory loss  
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Petit mal seizures (absence seizures) are more common in   children  
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A premonition of an impending seizure is called an   aura  
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Premonition means   forewarning  
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Impending means   about to happen  
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Auras (premonitions) include:   1. A sudden sense of unprovoked fear.  
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Unprovoked means   no cause  
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Auras include   A deja vu experience which is a feeling that what's happening has happened before  
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Auras are   forewarnings aka premonition.  
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Auras include:   A sensation of a sudden or strange odor or taste.  
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The period of time after a seizure when the victim may experience disorientation (confusion) and somnolence is called the   postictal state  
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Somnolence means   sleepiness  
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Medications classified to treat epilepsy (seizures) are called   antiseizure medications or antieleptic s or anticonvulsants.  
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A medication classified as an antiseizure medication is called   Dilantin aka phenytoin.  
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Seizures are   chronic (persistent) abnormal electrical activity in the brain.  
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A medication classified as an antiseizure medication is called   phenobarbitol (phenobarb)  
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Seizures that cause convulsions are called   grand mal seizures.  
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A medication classified as an antiseizure medication is called   Lamictal  
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A medication classified as an antiseizure medication is called   Keppra  
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Seizures characterized by a brief sudden amnesic (memory loss) lapse (failure) of awareness are called   petit mall seizures aka absence seizures  
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A medication classified as an antiseizure medication is called:   Topamax  
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Topamax is also classified to treat   migraines and treat bipolar mental disorder (BMD)  
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Use of Topomax during gestation has been linked to birth defects such as:   cleft labia (lip) and/or cleft palate.  
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Gestation means   pregnancy  
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Seizure activity lasting longer than 10 minutes is called   status epilepticus.  
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Seizures are chronic (persistent) abnormal   electrical activity in the brain.  
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A medication classified to treat status epilepticus is called   Diastat aka diazepam  
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ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a   progressive degenerative encephalopathy which means brain disease of advancing deterioration.  
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AD is characterized by behavioral changes and progressive loss of cognitive abilities called   dementia  
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Cognitive abilities refer to   comprehension (understanding), memory and judgement (reasoning).  
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A medication classified to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) is called   Aricept  
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A medication classified to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) is called:   Exelon  
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized (described) by behavioral changes and progressive loss of cognitive abilities called   dementia  
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A medication classified to treat AD is called   Namenda  
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative encephalopathy which means   brain disease of advancing deterioration  
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PARKINSON'S DISEASE: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a   progressive encephalopathy affecting movement.  
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Encephalopathy means   disease condition of the brain.  
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Parkinson's disease is characterized by   Hypomimia which means decreased facial expression aka a mask-like facial expression.  
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Involuntary (no control) shaking muscles called   tremors or pill rolling.  
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Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized (described) by   Hypertonia which means muscle rigidity (stiffness)  
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Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized (described) by   Slobbering aka drooling  
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Medications classified to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) include:   Duodopa Parcopa and Sinemet (compound (combination of) carbidopa and levodopa  
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A medication classified to treat Parkinson's disease is called   Requip  
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Parkinson's disease is caused by deficiency of a chemical neurotransmitter in the brain called   dopamine  
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A medication classified to treat Parkinson's disease is calle   Mirapex  
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Mirapex is also classified to treat RLS which stands for   restless leg syndrome  
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SLEEP MEDICATIONS: The inability to obtain adequate sleep is called   insomnia  
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Medications classified to treat insomnia are called   hypnotics  
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A medication classified as a hypnotic is   Ambien  
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A medication classified as a hypnotic is   Lunesta  
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A medication classified as a hypnotic is   Rozarem  
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A medication classified as a hypnotic is   Restoril aka temazepam  
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Medications classified as OTC hypnotics include   Nytol Sominex  
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OTC stands for   Over the counter  
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Benadryl (diphenhydraine) is classified as an   antihistamine  
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A common side effect of many antihistamines is   drowsiness  
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PSYCHIATRIC MEDICATIONS Anxiety, nervousness and tension at a more intense level than normal is called   neurosis (neurotic)  
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Anxiety means   worry  
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Anxiety can be associaated with phobias such as   Acrophobia - fear of heights. Arachnophobia - fear of spiders Agoraphobia - fear of open spaces Claustrophobia - fear of confined spaces  
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Spontaneous anxiety, anxiousness and tension at a more intense level than normal is called a   panic (anxiety) attack.  
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Spontaneous   no cause  
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Medications classified to treat neuroses are called   sedatives or antianxiety medications or minor tranquilizers (SAM)  
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A medication classified as a sedative is called   Xanax aka alprazolam  
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Anxiety, anxiousness, and tension at a more intense level than normal is called   neurosis (neurotic)  
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A medication classified as a sedative is called   Valium aka diazepam  
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Spontaneous (no cause) anxiety, anxiousnes and tension at a more intense level than normal is called a   panic (anxiety) attack.  
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A medication classified as a sedative is called   Librium aka chlordiazepoxide  
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A medication classified as a sedative is called   Tranxene  
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Medications classified to treat neuroses are also called   antianxiety medications or minor tranquilizers  
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A medication classified as a sedative is called   Ativan aka lorazepam  
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Sedatives aka antianxiety medications or minor tranquilizers (SAM) can lose effectiveness if combined with   caffeine. Caffeine is classified as a stimulant.  
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Psychosis can result in a false interpretation of sensory stimuli ("mirage") called   an illusion  
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Psychosis is a psychiatric disorder characterized (described) by   losing touch with realty.  
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Psychosis can result in a   false belief called a delusion.  
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A false belief of possessing superior qualities (I am Jesus Christ) is called a   delusion of grandeur  
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A false belief of being persecuted by an individual or group is called a   paranoid delusion  
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Persecuted means   harassed (tormented)  
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Psychosis can result in perception of something that does not exist called a   hallucination  
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Perception means   awareness  
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Seeing something that does not exist is called a   visual hallucination  
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Hearing something that does not exist is called an   auditory hallucination  
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Medications classified to treat psychoses are called   MAN (pneumonic) major tranquilizers or antipsychotics or neuroleptics  
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Radical (extreme) mood swings from manic (restless high) to depressive (listless low) is abbreviated BMD which stands for   bipolar mental disorder  
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Bipolar mental disorder (BMD) is also referred to as MDI which stands for   manic-depressive illness  
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A medication classified as an antidepressant and treatment for bipolar mental disorder(BMD) is called    
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Psychosis is a psychiatric disorder characterized (described) by   losing touch with reality.  
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A medication classified as an antipsychotic and treatment for bipolar mental disorder (BMD) is called   Seroquel  
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Bipolar mental disorder (BMD) causes   radical (extreme) mood swings from manic (restless highs) to depressive ( listless lows).  
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A medication classified as an antipsychotic and treatment for BMD is called   Zyprxa  
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A medication classified as an antipsychotic and treatment for BMP is called   Risperdal  
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Bipolar mental disorder (BMD) is also referred to as MDI which stands for   manic-depressive illness  
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A medication classified as an antipsychotic and treatment for BMP is called   Abilify  
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Abilify is also classified as an   antidepressant  
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A neurological disorder characterized (described) by involuntary body movements (tics) and vocal noises is abbreviated TS which stands for   Tourette's syndrome  
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Involuntary means   uncontrollable.  
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A medication classified as an antipsychotic and treatment for Tourette's syndrome is called   Haldol aka haloperidol  
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seeing something that does not exist is called a   visual hallucination  
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A medication classified to treat bipolar mental disorder (BMD) is called   Lithobid aka lithium  
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A medication classified to treat bipolar mental disorder (BMD) is   Latuda  
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A mood disorder causing chronic (persistent) feelings of sadness and loss of interest is abbreviated MDD which stands for   major depressive disorder  
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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is aka   clinical depression  
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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized (described) by   1. Chronic (persistent) sadness. 2. Feelings of helplessness and/or hopelessness and/or worthlessness.  
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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized (described) by   3. Lack of pleasure in any activity. 4. A feeling of wrongdoing called guilt.  
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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized (described) by   5. Inability to obtain adequate sleep called insomnia. 6. Anorexia which means no appetite  
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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized (described) by   7. Thoughts of ending one's life called suicide  
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Medications classified to treat MDD are called   antidepressants  
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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by   chronic (persistent) sadness  
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A medication classified as an antidepressant is called   1. Effexor  
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MDD is characterized by feelings of   helplessness or hopelessness or worthlessness  
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A medication classified as an antidepressant is called   2. Pristiq  
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Major depressive disorder 9MDD) is characterized (described) by   lack of pleasure in any activity.  
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A medication classified as an antidepressant is called   3. Lexapro  
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A medication classified as an antidepressant is called   4. Paxil  
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A medication classified as an antidepressant is called   5. Prozac  
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A medication classified as an antidepressant is called   6. Zoloft  
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Lexapro, Prozac, Paxil or Zoloft use during pregnancy increases the chances of birth defects such as:   a. ASD which stands for atrial septal defect. b. VSD which stands for ventricular septal defect  
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Lexapro, Prozac, Paxil or Zoloft use during pregnancy increases the chances of birth defects such as:   c. PPHN which stands for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (newborn)  
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Lexapro, Prozac, Paxil or Zoloft use during pregnancy increases the chances of birth defects such as:   d. SB which stands for spina bifida  
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A medication classified as an antidepressant is called:   Cymbalta. Cymbalta is classified as a treatment for OA which means osteoarthritis.  
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A medication classified as an antidepressant is called:   Wellbutrin aka bupropion  
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Wellbutrin is also classified as a   non-nicotine smoking cessation medication.  
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some antidepressants can cause   suicidal tendencies in children and teens  
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Depression has been linked to a   deficiency of omega 3 fatty acids found in fish.  
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A condition characterized by inattention (distraction) impulsivity, excessive motor activity (movement) is abbreviated ADHD which stands for   attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  
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Impulsivity means   acting before thinking  
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A medication classified to treat ADHD is called   Focalin  
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A medication classified to treat ADHD is called   Catapres/clonidine  
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Catapres is also classified as an   antihypertensive and NNSC medication  
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The generic name for Catapres is   clonidine  
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A medication classified to treat ADHD is caled   Adderall  
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ADHD stands for   attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  
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SLEEP Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming   daytime drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep.  
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Overwhelming means   overpowering  
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A medication classified to treat ADHD and narcolepsy is called   Ritalin/methylphenidate  
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A medication classified to treat ADHD and narcolepsy is called   Concerta/methylphenidate  
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A medication classified to treat ADHD and narcolepsy is called   Quillivant/methylphenidate  
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ALCOHOLISM A medication classified to treat alcoholism is called   Antabuse  
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Alcoholism occurs when consuming alcohol causes problems wit   family and/or employment and/or friends  
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Antabuse will not allow alcohol to be absorbed and mixing with Antabuse will cause   weakness, chest pain, headache, anxiety, vertigo, blurred vision, profuse sweatiness, difficulty breathing, nausea and vomiting.  
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ANALGESICS Analgesic means   pertaining to no pain  
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Analgesics are classified as   narcotic analgesics or non-narcotic analgesics  
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Narcotic analgesics derived (obtained) from or act like opium are called   opiates (opioids)  
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Narcotic analgesics can cause an   addictive feeling of well being called euphoria.  
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Many analgesics function by raising the   pain threshold (tolerance)  
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Common side effects (SE) of narcotic analgesics include   a. N+V which stands for nausea + vomiting b. opioid induced constipation  
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A medication classified as narcotic analgesic is called   Dilaudid  
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Narcotic analgesics derived from opium are called   opiates  
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A medication classified as narcotic analgesic is called   Demerol/meperidine  
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Narcotic analgesics can cause an   addictive feeling of well being called euphoria  
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A medication classified as narcotic analgesic is called   MS Contin and Roxanol/morphine sulfate`  
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Many analgesics function by raising the   pain threshold (tolerance)  
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A medication classified as narcotic analgesic is called   Nubain (no pain)  
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Analgesic means   pertaining to no pain.  
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A medication classified as narcotic analgesic is called   Zohydro ER/hydrocodone  
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Zohydro ER use is controversial because of a high risk of   addiction (abuse)  
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One accidental dose of Zohydro ER   can be fatal.  
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A medication classified as narcotic analgesic is called   OxyContin/oxycodone  
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OxyContin is tamper resistant because when crushed for injection, it becomes   inert aka inactive  
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A medication classified as narcotic analgesic is called   Duragesic/fentanyl  
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A medication classified as narcotic analgesix is called   codeine  
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Codeine is also classified as an   antussive which means cough suppressant  
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A medication classified to treat narcotic (opium) addiction is called   Suboxone  
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PYREXIA - FEVER Pyrexia means   fever  
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Medications classified to reduce fever are called   antipyretics  
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A medication classified as a non-narcotic analgesic and antipyretic is called   Tylenol/acetaminophen/APAP  
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A medication classified as an acetaminophen (APAP) antagonist is called   Acetadote  
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Antagonist (antidote) means   a medication or drug that deactivates another medication or drug.  
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A medication classified as an anticoagulant, non-narcotic analgesic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatoryt drug and antipyretic is abbreviated ASA which stands for aspirin   aspirin  
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Trade names for aspirin (ADA) include   St. Joseph, Bayer, Ecorin  
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Aspirin (ASA) should not be administered (given) to children because of the risk of encephalopathy abbreviate RS which stands for   Reyes syndrom  
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Encephalopathy means   disease condition of the brain  
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Aspirin (ASA) is contraindicated wit anticoagulants because of a possible   exaggerate effect called synergism  
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Contraindicated means   inadvisable or unwise  
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Buffers (alkalotics) are administered to reduce   stomach upset  
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Buffered aspirin (ASA) medications include   Alka-Seltzer  
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Buffered aspirin (ASA) medications include   Ascriptin  
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Buffers are   alkalotics  
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Buffers (alkalotics) are administered to   reduce stomach upset  
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Buffered aspirin (ASA) medications include   Bufferin  
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Buffers include   Al which stands for aluminum  
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Buffers include   Mg which stands for magnesium  
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Buffers include   CA which stands for calcium  
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Bufers include   NaHCO3 which stands for sodium bicarbonate  
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Aspirin (ASA), acetaminophen, APAP, diphenhydramine and caffeine combination medications include   Anacin maximum strength which contains aspirin + cafeine Bayer PM which contains ASA + diphenhydramine  
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Narcotic analgesics and non-narcotic analgesics are commonly combined to produce an   exaggerated effect called synergism  
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Analgesic means   pertaining to pain  
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A medication classified as a narcotic analgesic and non-narcotic analgesic is called   Percodan/oxycodone + aspirin (ASA)  
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Medications classified as narcotic analgesics and non-narcotic analgesics include:   Tylox, Roxicet and Percocet/oxycodone + acetaminophen.  
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A medication classified as a narcotic analgesic and non-narcotic analgesic is called   Tylenol #3/codeine + acetaminophen (APAP)  
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Medications classified as a narcotic analgesic and non-narcotic analgesic is called:   Vicodin, Lorcet/acetaminophen (APAP) + hydrocodone.  
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Medications classified as antipyretics + NSAID + non-narcotic analgesic is called   Motrin and Advil/ibuprofen  
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Medications classified as antipyretics + NSAID + non-narcotic analgesic is called   Aleve and Naprosyn/naproxen  
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Medications classified as antipyretics + NSAID + non-narcotic analgesic is called   Celebrex/celecoxib  
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Motrin or Advil or Celebrex use after myocardial infarction (MI) can increase the risk of CVD which stands for   cardiovascular disease  
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The generic name for Motrin or Advil is   ibuprofen  
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The generic name for Celebrex is   celecoxib  
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MIGRAINES A migraine is a chronic (recurring), severe, commonly temporal headache (HA) accompanied by   N+V which stands for nausea and vomiting.  
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A migraine is a chronic (recurring), severe, commonly temporal headache (HA) accompanied by   Phonophobia which means sensitivity to sound Photophobia which means sensitivity to light  
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Migraines appear to be precipitated by vasodilation of the   intracranial arteries  
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Precipitated means   caused  
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Vasodilation means   increased diameter (lumen) of the arteries  
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A medication classified to treat migraines is called   Imitrex  
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A migraine is a   chronic (recurring), severe, commonly temporal headache.  
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A medication classified to treat migraines is called   Maxalt  
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A migraine can be accompanied by phonophobia which means   sensitivity to sound  
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A medication classified to treat migraines is called   Treximet  
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A migraine can be accompanied by photophobia which means   sensitivity to light  
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A medication classified to treat migraines is called   Botox  
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Migraines appear to be precipitated (caused) by   vasodilation (increased lumen) of the intracranial nerves  
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A medication classified to treat migraines is called   Tenormin/atenolol  
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Tenormin (atenolol) is also classified as an   antianginal and antihypertensive  
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A medication classified to treat migraines is called   Lopressor/metoprolol  
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Lopressor (metoprolol) is also classified as an   antianginal and antihypertensive  
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A medication classified to treat migraines is called   Corgard/nadolol  
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Corgard (nadolol) is also classified as an   antianginal and antihypertensive  
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A medication classified to treat migraines is called   Inderal/propranolol  
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Inderal (propranolol) is also classified as an   antianginal + antihypertensive + antiarrhythmic  
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A medication classified to treat migraines is called   Calan/verapamil  
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Calan (verapamil) is also classified as an   antianginal + antihypertensive + antiarrhythmic  
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ANESTHETICS Anesthesia means   condition of no feeling or nervous sensation  
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General anesthesia involves LOC which stands for   loss of consciousness  
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Anesthesia involving a small area of skin and adjacent tissue is called   local anesthesia  
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Spinal anesthesia is injected into the space below the arachnoid matter called the   subdural space  
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The subarachnoid space contains a clear liquid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord abbreviated   CSF which stands for cerebrospinal fluid  
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Anesthesia that causes loss of consciousness (nervous sensation) to a region of the body is called a   regional anesthesia aka a nerve block.  
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Epidural anesthesia is a type of regional anesthesia injected into the space above the dura mater called   the epidural space  
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Regional anesthesia   a nerve block  
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A medication classified as a local anesthetic include:   Xylocaine and Solarcaine/lidocaine  
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Xylocaine (lidocaine) is also classified to treat   arrhythmias  
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A medication classified as an anesthetic is called   Marcaine  
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A medication classified as an anesthetic is called   Tetracaine othalmic  
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Ophthalmic means   pertaining to the eyes  
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A medication classified as an anesthetic is called   Novocain/procaine  
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Initial anesthesia causing LOC is called   induction anesthesia  
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Initial means   beginnin  
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LOC stands or   loss of consciousness  
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Additional anesthesia to place the client in a coma is called   general anesthesia  
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Coma means   unconsciousness without response to stimuli  
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A medication classified as an induction anesthetic is called   Etomidate  
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Induction anesthesia means   initial (beginning) anesthesia causing loss of consciousness (LOC)  
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A medication classified as an induction anesthetic is called   Propofol  
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Medication that block nerve impulses (signals) to the muscles causing paralysis are classified as   neuromuscular blockers  
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A medication classified as a neuromuscular blocker is called   Anectine/succinylcholine or "succs"  
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Neuromuscular blockers cause   paralysis (no feeling and no movement)  
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A preoperative (preop) medication classified to decrease airway secretions is called   atropine  
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Preoperative (preop) means   before surgery  
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Neuromuscular blockers cause   paralysis (no feeling and no movement).  
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Atropine is also classified to   treat severe bradycardia.  
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