PSY 2012 Exam 1
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What Is Psychology? | The Scientific study of Behavior and Mental Processes
🗑
|
||||
| Main Difference between Psychologist and Psychiatrist? | A psychiatrist goes to medical school and usually is focused on treating psychological disorders. A Psychologist does not go to medical school
🗑
|
||||
| Four Goals of Psychology? | Describe,
Explain,
Predict,
Control Behavior
🗑
|
||||
| Name the Eight Major Perspectives in Psychology. | Psychoanalytic,
Behavioral,
Humanistic,
Cognitive,
Evolutionary,
Biological,
Sociocultural,
Biopsychosocial
🗑
|
||||
| What is Pseudo-psychology? | An approach to predicting behavior and events that appear to be psychology but have no objective evidence to support it. Example: Astrology
🗑
|
||||
| Name the 5 steps in the scientific method | Develop a Question,
Develop a Hypothesis,
Design a study and collect Data,
Analyze the Data,
Publish the Findings
🗑
|
||||
| What is a Hypothesis? | Statement that can be used to test a prediction
🗑
|
||||
| What is an Experiment? | A controlled procedure that involves careful examination through the use of scientific observation and/or manipulation of variables
🗑
|
||||
| What questions does and experiment allow us to answer? | Theories, questions, and observations in the environment of interest
🗑
|
||||
| What are the elements of an experiment? | Independent Variable,
Dependent Variable,
Experimental,
Control
🗑
|
||||
| Define independent variable | Variable that the researcher has control over
🗑
|
||||
| Define Dependent variable | the variable being mesured
🗑
|
||||
| Define Experimental group | group being treated
🗑
|
||||
| Define Control Group | the group not exposed to the treatment
🗑
|
||||
| Define Random Assignment | Equal chance of being assigned to a group
🗑
|
||||
| What are operational definitions? | The precise manner in which a variable of interest is defined and measured
🗑
|
||||
| What is the main difference between a Correlation study and experiment? | a correlation study can show a relationship between variables but it can not prove direct relationship. Experiments determine direct cause and effect
🗑
|
||||
| Positive Correlation? | As one thing being recorded goes up, the other also goes up... Exp. as Age increases so does reaction time.
🗑
|
||||
| Negative Correlation? | As one thing being recorded goes up the other goes down.
🗑
|
||||
| How is Magnitude Represented? | r
🗑
|
||||
| a strong negative correlation | the stronger the negative correlation the closer to -1.00 it will be
🗑
|
||||
| a strong positive correlation | the stronger the positive correlation the closer to 1.00 it will be
🗑
|
||||
| weak correlation | a weak correlation will be closer to 0.00
🗑
|
||||
| Third Variable | an unaccounted for influence of characteristics or environment that can explain changes in the variables of interest
🗑
|
||||
| What is experimenter bias? | researcher expectations that influence the experiment
🗑
|
||||
| What is a Placebo? | Fake treatment that has no effect but is administered as if it does.
🗑
|
||||
| What is a single blind Study? | Participants do not know which treatment they are getting
🗑
|
||||
| What is a double blind Study? | Neither the participant or researchers working directly with the participant know which treatment they are getting
🗑
|
||||
| What is informed consent? | Acknowledgment that the participants know what their involvement will entail
🗑
|
||||
| What is a debriefing? | The sharing of information with participants, after the experiment, as to what the experiment was for and its potential use.
🗑
|
||||
| What is Functionalism? | A focus on the functions of thought processes, feelings and behaviors and how they help us adapt to the environment
🗑
|
||||
| What is Structuralism? | early school of psychology that used introspection to determine the structure and most basic elements of the mind
🗑
|
||||
| George Miller | Important catalyst for the cognitive revolution
🗑
|
||||
| Psychoanalytic | Underlying conflicts influence Behavior
🗑
|
||||
| Behavioral | Behavior is learned primarily through associations, reinforcers, and observations
🗑
|
||||
| Humanistic | Humans are naturally inclined to grow in a positive direction
🗑
|
||||
| Cognative | Behavior is driven by cognitive processes
🗑
|
||||
| Evolutionary | Humans have evolved characteristics that promote survival and adaptation
🗑
|
||||
| Biological | Behavior and Mental processes arise from physiological activities
🗑
|
||||
| Sociocultural | Other People, and cultural contexts, influence behavior and mental processes
🗑
|
||||
| Biopsychosocial | Behavior and Mental Processes are shaped by biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
🗑
|
||||
| A Sample is ____ the population | Smaller Than
🗑
|
||||
| Best Research method to study rare phenomenon | Case Studies
🗑
|
||||
| Positive Psychology | Approach that focuses on the positive aspects of humans seeking to understand their strengths and uncover roots of happiness, creativity, humor etc.
🗑
|
||||
| What are the Main Parts of the typical neuron? | Dendrite,
Cell Body,
Axon,
Myelin Sheath,
Terminal Buds,
Synapse
🗑
|
||||
| Dendrite | Branch like fibers that receives messages from other neurons
🗑
|
||||
| Cell Body (Soma) | Region of neuron that nourish the cell and the nucleus that contains DNA
🗑
|
||||
| Axon | Tube like structure that sends messages to the terminal buds
🗑
|
||||
| Myelin Sheath | Fatty Substance that insulates the Axon. When axon has this messages transmit faster
🗑
|
||||
| Terminal Buds | Small budlike structure on the end of axons containing neurotransmitters
🗑
|
||||
| Synapse | Tiny gap between terminal buds and dendrites. Where communications occur
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of the Glial Cell? | To support, nourish and protect axons. Some produce Myelin that covers axons
🗑
|
||||
| How do Neurons Communicate? | Through electrochemical processes. Electrical signals travel down the axon (through action potentials) to the terminal buds who then release a chemical into the synapse triggering an action potential in the other neuron.
🗑
|
||||
| Action Potential | A Spike in voltage that pass through the axon carrying information
🗑
|
||||
| Resting Potential | The state of a cell when it is not active, its potential at rest
🗑
|
||||
| Nerotransmitters | chemical messengers that neurons use to communicate at the synapse
🗑
|
||||
| Antagonist | Block normal neurotransmitter activity
🗑
|
||||
| Agonist | Excite and boost normal neurotransmitter activity, morse messages are sent
🗑
|
||||
| All-or-None | A neuron either fires or doesn't fire
🗑
|
||||
| Reuptake | When neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the sending bud
🗑
|
||||
| Diffusion | When neurotransmitters are not reabsorbed and drift out of the synaptic gap
🗑
|
||||
| Acetycholine | Relays Messages from motor neurons to muscles enabling movement; involved in memory.... Low= Paralysis , High= Spasms.... Linked to Alzheimers
🗑
|
||||
| Glutamate | Makes Neurons Fire; Central Role in Memory & Learning.... High= Strokes, Low= Symptoms of Schizophrenia
🗑
|
||||
| GABA | Inhibits neurotransmitter firing; Contributes to motor control and vision.... Roles in sleep and wakefulness... Decreases with long-term Alcohol use
🗑
|
||||
| Norepinephrine | Has Variety of effects in CNS; Helps body prep for stress.... Important role in maintaining attention.... High levels lead to over-arousal & hypervigilance
🗑
|
||||
| Serotonin | Key Role in appetite, aggression, and mood; regulates sleep and breathing
🗑
|
||||
| Dopamine | Plays a role in substance abuse; impacts attention, learning through reinforcement, and regulation of body movement
🗑
|
||||
| Endorphins | Regulates the secretion of other neurotransmitters; Naturally produced opioid, reduces pain and elevates mood
🗑
|
||||
| CNS | Central Nervous System; Brain and Spinal cord; Allows communication between the Peripheral nervous System and the brain
🗑
|
||||
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | Connects the CNS to the rest of the body; all neurons that are not in the CNS
🗑
|
||||
| Somatic Nervous System | Controls the Skeletal Muscles responsible for voluntary movement; Gathers information from sensory receptors, sensory and motor nerves
🗑
|
||||
| Autonomic Nervous System | regulates involuntary movement, has two divisions involved in physiological responses to stress and crisis situations; Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous systems
🗑
|
||||
| Sympathetic Nervous System | Part of the ANS that is responsible for "Fight or flight"; Increases heart rate, respiration, increases blood flow to muscles
🗑
|
||||
| Parasympathetic Nervous System | Part of ANS that is responsible for "Rest and Digest; Decreases respiration, activates digestive process, lowers heart-rate
🗑
|
||||
| Sensory Neurons | Receive information from the environment around you and conveys to the brain for processing
🗑
|
||||
| Motor Neurons | Carry information from CNS to produce movement; Provide mechanism regulated by spinal cord and the brain
🗑
|
||||
| Interneurons | Reside in the brain and spinal cord only; Bridges that connect sensory and motor neurons
🗑
|
||||
| Reflex Arc | When a stimulus causes an involuntary response
🗑
|
||||
| Endocrine System | Uses glands instead of neurons to convey messages; Uses Hormones; Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal Glands
🗑
|
||||
| Cerebrum | Everything in the brain except brain stem structure
🗑
|
||||
| Neuroplasticity | Brains ability to heal and adapt to the environment
🗑
|
||||
| What do studies on Split brain show regarding lateralization of function? | That the left and right hemisphere of the brain do certain things better than others.
🗑
|
||||
| Neurogenesis | generation of new cells
🗑
|
||||
| Stem Cells | Cells responsible for creating new neurons
🗑
|
||||
| Association Areas | Integrate information from all over the brain
🗑
|
||||
| Broca's Area | Language Production; fount in frontal lobe
🗑
|
||||
| Corpus Callosum | Allows communication between the two hemispheres of the brain
🗑
|
||||
| Frontal Lobes | Higher level cognitive functions such as thinking, planning, and personality characteristics
🗑
|
||||
| Left Cerebral Hemisphere | Controls movement of the right side of the body
🗑
|
||||
| Right Cerebral Hemisphere | Controls movement of the left side of the body
🗑
|
||||
| Motor Cortex | Is in the back of the Frontal Lobes; commands bodies movement
🗑
|
||||
| Occipital Lobe | Processing of Visual Information
🗑
|
||||
| Partial Lobe | Processes sensory information and spacial recognition
🗑
|
||||
| Primal Visual Cortex | Located in the Occipital Lobe, processes visual information
🗑
|
||||
| Somatosensory Cortext | Receives sensory information from the body; Located in the Partial Lobe
🗑
|
||||
| Temporal Lobe | Responsible for hearing and language
🗑
|
||||
| Warnick's Area | Language comprehension; found in the temporal lobe
🗑
|
||||
| Limbic System | Collection of structures that regulate emotions and basic drives like hunger and motivation; aids in creation of memories
🗑
|
||||
| Thalamus | processes sensory information, except smell, and send it to the appropriate areas of the cortex
🗑
|
||||
| Hypothalamus | Regulates sleep wake cycle, sexual behavior, and appetite
🗑
|
||||
| Amygdala | Almond shaped structures in the limbic system that process aggression and basic emotions such as fear as well as associated memories
🗑
|
||||
| Hippocampus | Pair of structures in limbic system with a primary function of creating new memories
🗑
|
||||
| Brain Stem | Brains Core, extends from spinal cord to forebrain
🗑
|
||||
| Midbrain | Involves brainstem part in levels of arousal, responsible for generating movement patterns in response to sensory input
🗑
|
||||
| Reticular Formation | Network of neurons that ruin through the midbrain controlling levels of arousal & quickly analyze sensory information on its way to the cortex
🗑
|
||||
| Hindbrain | Areas of the brain critical for life sustaining processes
🗑
|
||||
| Pons | Hind Brain structure that helps to regulate the sleep wake cycle & coordinate movement between the left and right sides of the body
🗑
|
||||
| Medulla | Overseas the vital functions including breathing, digestion, & heart rate
🗑
|
||||
| Forebrain | Largest part of the brain; cerebral cortex and the limbic system
🗑
|
||||
| Cerebellum | Structures located behind the brain stem responsible for muscle coordination and balance; latin for "Little Brain"
🗑
|
||||
| CAT | Xrays; multiple cross sectional images of the brain
🗑
|
||||
| EEG | Electrodes placed on the scalp record electrical activity directly below
🗑
|
||||
| MRI | Powerful magnets create a magnetic field that passes through the brain. Creates a cross sectional of the brain but with superior detail to a CAT
🗑
|
||||
| fMRI | Uses powerful magnets to track changes in blood oxygen levels durning tasks; measures activities throughout the brain
🗑
|
||||
| PET | A radioactive tracer is into the bloodstream and tracked while a person performs tasks. a computer then creates a 3-D images showing degrees of brain activity
🗑
|
||||
| Broca and Wernicke's areas are examples of ___ areas because they process ____ | Association; integrate information from many brain areas
🗑
|
||||
| What do Micogila do? | Defend the brain against infection and inflimation
🗑
|
||||
| Cocaine is an example of exciting this neurotransmitter | Norepinephrine
🗑
|
||||
| The pituitary glad | Is called the master gland of the Indocrine system
🗑
|
||||
| Afferent Neurons | Sensory Neurons that carry sensory stimuli to the central nervous system
🗑
|
||||
| Efferent Neurons | Motor Neurons that carry neural impulses away from the central nervous system
🗑
|
||||
| Pineal Gland releases what | Melatonin
🗑
|
||||
| Visual Processing happens in which side of the brain? | Right
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
JTFle08
Popular Psychology sets