developmental milestones & reflexes
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| hand regard | 2 mo
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| head control | 4-5 mo
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| rolling | 4-6 mo
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| voluntary grasp | 6 mo
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| segmental rotation | 6-8 mo
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| sitting | 8 mo
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| creeping | 9 mo
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| crawling | 8-9 mo
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| cruising | 10 mo
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| walking | 12-18 mo
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| symmetrical tonic labyrinthine | birth - 6 mo
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| positive support (wt on balls of feet = LE & trunk extension) | 35 wk gest - 2 mo
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| plantar grasp (toes) | 28 wk gest - 9 mo
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| flexor withdrawal | 28 wk est - 2 mo
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| crossed extension | 28 wk gest - 2 mo
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| traction (pull to sit) | 28 wk gest - 5 mo
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| plantar grasp (fingers) | birth - 4 mo
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| ATNR (asymmetrical tonic neck) NOB/BOB, rotation of cranium = UE ext on face side, UE flexion scalp side "ARCHER" | birth - 6 mo
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| STNR (symmetrical tonic neck reflex), flexion of head = UE flexion & LE extension, extension of head = UE extension & LE flexion | 4-12 mo
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| Galant Reflex, stimulus on skin along skin along spine shoulder top hip = lateral flexion to that side | 30 wks gest - 2 mo
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| rooting reflex | 28 wk - 3 mo
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| moro reflex, drop trunk/head into extension = abd & open hands | 28 wks gest - 5 mon
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| walking (stepping) reflex, support trunk into slight flexion = flex & ext of LE | 38 wks gest - 2 mo
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| RRR | register, recall, remote
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| exteroceptive is what type of sensory testing? | external stimulus
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| proprioceptive is what type of sensory testing? | internal, analytical
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| combined cortical is what type of sensory testing? | input requiring more specific analysis
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| motor development 2-5 yo | postural control, self feeding, complex thought, ambulation
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| motor development 5-10 yo | inc mm growth w/inc wt, refinement of skills - hop, run, kick, dribble. dominance defined - left vs right, beginning of specifity, social component - participate in organized sports
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| motor development 11-19 yo | adolescence, inc skill ability, strong social component, fastest, strongest, most accurate at this point
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| age 20-39 | adulthood, peak of strength, fibers and size will begin to decrease after 39. Exercise most easily modifiable behavior affecting wellness,
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| middle adulthood 40-64 | dec in strength, sometimes undetectable, 2nd'ary to dec in activity, 30-505 decline by age 80
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| late adulthood, 65+ | changes in skills/pathology = chgs in lie, despite exercise may slow and coordination decrease, inc in fall risk, 65+ 30% may fall once per year
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| prenatal | 0-40 wks gestation. movement in utero, competent @ birth, skills disappear secondary to new environment/forces
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| infancy | birth-24 mo, rapid motor development, milestones, move out of physiologic flexion
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| early childhood | 2-5, inc postural control=inc independent & communicate "I DO, I DO!!", utensil use, color, build, open doors & jars, complex thot (share/take turns), ambul (wide BOS, min UE & trunk reciprocal, quickr, stairs, kick, throw, tandem,hop, catch, ex/self imag
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| childhood | 5-10. inc mm growth & wt, hopping, run, kick, dribble, refinement of existing skills, dominance refines write/draw, specifity, social component, organized sports
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| adolescence | 11-19, plateau begins in motor develop (athletes) 12 yo ~90% mobility, strong social compo, run, jump, throw, speed, stg, accuracy, inc fine dexterity for crafts,music ("I used to...")
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| adulthood | 20-39, exercise -"mostly easily modifiable behavior....affecting health & wellness", 30 yo peak of stg, fibers & size will begin to dec post
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| middle adulthood | 40+, loss of strength is sometimes undetectible secondary to dec activity, 30-50% by age 80
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| late adulthood | 65 +, chng in skills/pathology=chg in life, despite ex, skills slow & coord may dec, inc fall risk, 30% 65+ experience at least 1 fall/yr
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| musculoskeletal physiological changes fetal wks 5-8, | rapid development, most intact before birth
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| mm phys chgs 5 mo - 3 yo | mm development 2x greater than bone, mm grows in girth, length, number of fibers (mostly type II)
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| males rapid growth when? | birth - 2yo, 10-16 yo (14x to 16 yo)
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| females slow gradual inc.....when | 3.5-10 yo (10x to 16 yo)
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| how does mm flexibility change? | ability to bend inc w/play in pediatric population, decrease activity = dec in flex, despite loss, can be modified
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| primary ossification | bone grown prior to birth
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| appositional growth | bone growth on the surface t/o life
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| does density & growth continue? | yes, until age 30, eventually resorption > than growth, thus dec density, women > men
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| cardiopulmonary physiological changes (deliver nutrients and remove waste) | heart complete by fetal wk 8, full system functional post birth, heart inc 4x size by age 5, capacity inc w/play t/o childhood, become advocates! NUTRITION & EXERCISE!!
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| decrease in activity means....... | decrease in elasticity
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| lungs complete when? | later in fetal development
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| as lung size increases,,,,,,,,,, | with activity so will efficiency = dec RR
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| decreased activity will..... | lead to dec capacity/elasticity
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| why consider patient's cardiopulmonary? | endurance!
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