Hematology
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What %-age of the blood is plasma and what are it's components? | 55% of total blood volume. Consistes of water, proteins, nutrients, hormones, electrolytes
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What %-age of blood is the buffy coat and what are it's components? | 1%. Consistes of WBC's and plts
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What %age of the blood is RBC's? | ~45% of blood volume
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What important O2 carrying molecule is contained within each RBC? | Hemoglobin
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Role of RBC's | Transport O2 to peripheral tissues & organsCarry CO2 to lungs as a waste product to be exhaled
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Hematopoiesis | formation fo blood cells (production of cells all cells)
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Life span of RBC | 120 days
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Life span of WBC | 6-8 hours
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Life span of platelet | 7-10 days
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Does production of cells increase, decrease, or stay the same during stress? | increase. Increased production to meet demand (altitude, illness, exercise, bleeding) Bone marrow ramps up production to keep up with destruction/loss
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Erythropoiesis | production of RBCs
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Requirements of erythropoiesis | rythropoietin stimulation of a healthy bone marrowAdequate supply of iron
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Where is Erythropoietin produced? | Peritubular interstitial cells of the kidney
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What triggers the production of Erythropoietin? | Low O2 delivery (hypoxia)
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Name the cells in the BM that Erythropoietin acts on | E-progenitor, start the production of new RBCs
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When does the kidney stop releasing Erythropoeitin | When it senses increased tissue oxygenation
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How are old damaged RBCs removed from circulation? | 90% by macrophages in the liver and spleen, 10% by hemolysis in circulation; fragments engulfed by macrophages
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What components of the RBC are used again? | Globin, heme, and iron
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What signifies anemia? | Decrease in Hgb or Hct concentration
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Normal Hbg in females? | >12.5g/dl
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Normal Hgb in males | >13.5 g/dl
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Functional classification of anemia | Production problem or destruction problem
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How is distiction made between production vs destruction | Examining reticulocyte count
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Normal %age of reticulocytes in circulation | 1-2%
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Hypoproliferative anemia | production problem (90% of anemias)
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In Hypoproliferative anemia will reticulocyte count be increase, decreased, or stay the same? Explain why | Reticulocyte count will be decrease (low). Bone marrow fails to respond to degree of anemia
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What can attribute to a BM production problem | Marrow damage, Iron defeciency (need iron to make RBCs), Decreased stimulation (lack of Epo -inflammation, renal dz)
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What change will you see in reticulocytes in hyperproliferative anemia? | increased retic count
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What is hyperproliferative Anemia? | Failure of bone marrow to compensate for blood loss or destriuction with increased RBC production
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Give some examples of condictions thatcause hyoerproliferative anemia | Acute blood loss, intravascular hemolysis, membrane abnomality, hemoglobinopathy, autoimmune defect
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Name the 3 morphologic classifications of MCV | Microctic, normocytic, macrocytic
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"TICS" for microcytic anemia | ThalassemiaIron def anemiaChronic InflammationSideroblastic
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Thalassemia | Hereditary disorders which affect the production of globin chains (alpha or beta)
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