Neuro Lesions WUPT
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| weakness with sustained actvitiy; ptosis; problems with speech | myasthenia gravis
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| ipsilateral paralysis below lesion; ipsilateral loss of position, vibration and touch below lesion; contralateral loss of pain and temp startingone or two dermatomes below lesion; ipsilateral loss of pain and temp at zone of injury only | brown-sequard syndrome
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| bilateral loss of pain and temp in UE; no LE loss of pain or temp; position, vibration and touch OK thoughout body; paralysis of muscles innervated by segments involved; progresses to cause upper motor neuron signs in LE | Syringomyelia
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| loss of hearing; ipsilateral facial paralysis; ipsilateral reduced facial sensation and gait unsteadiness | acoustic neuroma (caused by tumor of CN VIII)
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| akinesia; bradykinesia; resting tremor; rigidity; postural instability | Parkinson's Disease- caused by pathology of the substantia nigra pars compacta
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| chorea; irritability, depression and apathy; attentional and memor deficits; dementia | Huntington Disease (caused medium spiny neuron death in the GPe)
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| uncontrolled movements of the proximal limb muscles | Hemiballismus (usually caused by unilateral stroke of the subthalamic nucleus and is treated with dopamine antagonists)
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| stance/gait ataxia; no individual limb ataxia; rotated/tilted head; nystagmus; titubation | Midline cerebellar damage
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| decomposition of momvement; stance/gait ataxia secondary to ataxia of single limbs; hypotonia; dysarthria; dysmetria; dysdiadochokinesia; action tremor | lateral cerebellar damage (left side damage will manifest on left side of body)
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| expressive aphasia | Broca's aphasia- left frontal lobe middle cerebral artery stroke
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| receptive aphasia | Wernicke's aphasia- L temporal lobe middle cerebral artery stroke
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| motor symptoms in the face, UE and LE | Middle cerebral artery occlusion in the internal capsule
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| loss of pain and sensation throughout | posterior cerebral artery occlusion in the thalamus
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| rigid posture with flexed UE and extended LE and clenched fists during coma | Decorticate coma (cortical damage)
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| rigid posture with extended UE and LE, head, back and neck | Decerebrate coma (cerebrum damage-below colliculi but above vestibular nuclei)
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| total loss of vision in ipsilateral eye | optic nerve lesion
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| loss of vision in temporal halves of both fields (tunnel vision) | Optic chiasm lesion (only lesion causing nonhomonymous deficit)
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| Loss of vision in half of visual field (contralateral hemianopsia) | optic tract lesion
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| loss of vision in upper quadrant of opposite half of visual field | optic radiation lesion
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| Pros of CT imaging | rapid, inexpensive, easy to monitor patient during process
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| Cons of CT imaging | brainstem view limited by nearby dense bone
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| Pros of MRI | greater detail and contrast; 3-D; picks up subtle changes; reveals disruption of blood brain barrier
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| Cons of MRI | Claustrophobia; can't image ppl on life support; can't immage ppl with ferrous implants or debris in eye; can't image pregnant women
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