Document Layout and Design
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| A group of panels (pages) that are printed on one side of a sheet of paper for a document. | Signature
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| Holding the paper in portrait orientation, fold it horizontally in half, then fold it vertically in half to create eight pages also called a French fold and often used for formal invitations. | Eight-panel fold
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| A potential folding problem that occurs when printed matter is trimmed off on the inside panels of a signature; also called creep. | Washout (creep)
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| The design principle that ensures visual units on the page are horizontally and vertically connected. | Alignment
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| Initial rough sketches on paper (brainstorming) to help establish basic ideas for the layout and design of a document. | Thumbnails
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| The space between two sides of adjacent pages in a bound document; includes left-bound and top-bound. | Gutter
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| The design principle that groups related information together through the logical connection of the information (visual units), what information should be emphasized, and effective use of white space. | Proximity
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| Spacing that adjusts the number of words on a line by squeezing or expanding text and adding or removing space from character combinations on a line. | Track spacing
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| Holding the paper in landscape orientation and folding it in thirds to create six pages. | Six-panel fold
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| The portion of a lowercase letter that is above the main body of a letter; in the English alphabet there are eight of these. | Ascender
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| Folding a piece of paper in half so the vertical fold is either a landscape orientation (holding the paper so it is wider than it is tall) or a portrait orientation (holding the paper so it is taller than it is wide). | Four-panel fold
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| Using a dithering process where dots are either on or off to reproduce on paper a continuous-tone image (i.e., a photograph that has been converted into a black-and-white image). | Halftone
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| Typesetting method that minimizes the gap of unlinked paper between adjacent colors by expanding the ink so small amounts of color overlap and print on top of each other. | Trapping
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| Sketches that provide colors to be used, number of pages and/or folds, trim size of the final document, image placement, number of columns, and type specifications; a refinement of hard-copy thumbnails. | Comprehensive sketches (comps)
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| A small amount of text that is enlarged within an article to catch the reader’s attention. | Pull quote
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| The design principle that occurs when two elements are noticeably different: bold, italics, a thin line with a thick line; a warm color with a cool color, a small graphic with a large graphic, or a horizontal element with a vertical element. | Contrast
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| Overall arrangement and appearance of printed matter on a page that establishes a visual hierarchy by providing text and graphic accents that assist the reader in understanding the message and relationships between headings and subordinate blocks of text. | Typography
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| Trimming the unwanted edges of an image. | Cropping
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| The design principle that repeats some aspect of the design throughout one-page and multiple-page documents for consistency and tying the visual units together. | Repetition
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| A collection of sample documents in a folder as a helpful resource when brainstorming designs for future projects (flyer, brochure, post card, multi-page document, or other types of business documents). | Idea folder
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| An 8-bit mode with 254 different shades of gray producing what individuals call black-and-white images. | Grayscale
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| Grouping like information together and separated from other units by white space. | Visual unit
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| Pivoting an image around the image’s center point. | Rotating
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| The portion of a lowercase letter that falls below the baseline of a letter; in the English alphabet there are five letters with descenders. | Descender
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| The spacing of words and characters on a line by intentionally decreasing the default spacing to improve the appearance of letter combinations. | Kerning
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| Stylistic device used to emphasize the beginning of a section by setting the first letter with a larger and sometimes stylized font. | Dropper capital (drop cap)
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| A typeface where no decorative stroke is added to the end of a letter’s main stroke; often used for footnotes, endnotes, or headings. | Sans serif
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| The vertical space between lines in the text; if two different leading values are specified in a line of print, the larger value applies to the entire line. | Leading
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| Nonsense type showing appropriate type size, line spacing, and test placement but does not include the final test; often used when keying comprehensive sketch. | Greeking
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| A typeface with a small decorative stroke (slab, wedge, or hair) added to the end of a letter’s main strokes. | Serif
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| The number of finished pieces required when placing an order with a reproduction center or commercial print shop. | Print run
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| Arranging the pages in the order required for printing. | Printer spreads
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| The area on a page that is blank – no text or graphics; professional designers make effective use of this. | White space
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