Vestibular System- WUPT
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| 4 major functions of the vestibular system | Provides:
1.sense of balance
2.information about body position
3.rapid compensatory movements
4.postural reflexes & eye movements
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| the two otolith organs | utricle and saccule
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| hold receptors for linear accelerations | otholith organs (utricle and saccule)
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| holds receptors for rotational accelerations | semi-circular canals
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| the ______ labyrinth is filled with endolymph and the ______ labyrinth is filled with perilymph | membranous and osseus
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| endolymph is high in ____ and low in ____; while perilymph is high in ___ and low in ___ | K; Na; Na; K
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| the location of hair cells in the otolith organs | macula
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| location of hair cells in the semicircular canals | ampullae
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| tallest stereocilium in hair cell | kinocilium
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| movment of the stereocilia towards the kinocilium opens ______ | mechanically gated K channels which cause depolarization and NT release
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| movment of the stereocilia away from the kinocilium closes the channels and the cell is | hyperpolarized
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| in a given semicircular canal hair cells in ampulla are polarized in the _____ direction | same
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| in the otolith organs the _____ divides the hair cells into 2 populations with ____ polarities | striola; opposing
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| the hair cells in the sacculus are pointed in a ________ orientation, _____ the striola | verticle; away from
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| the hair cells in the utricle are pointed in a _____ orientation, ______ the striola | horizontal; towards
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| the right anterior semicircular canal works in conjunction with the _______ | left posterior canal
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| the right posterior canal works in conjunction with the _____ | left anterior canal
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| the right horizontal canal works in conjunction with the _____ | left horizontal canal
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| Overall there are ___ degrees of freedom in the vestibular system | 6; 3 translational and 3 rotational
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| within the macula of the otolith organs there is gelatinous layer overlying the hair cells and above this is the ___________ membrane wich is embedded with Ca carbonate crystals called ______ | otolithic; otoconia
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| the saccule macula respond to ______, _____ and _____ , ____ movements | up, down and foward, back
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| the utricle macula respond to _______ and _________ | head tilts and rapid lateral displacements
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| at rest there is a _____ firing rate of the vestibular nerve | constant
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| the cupula of the ampula is similar to the _____ of the otolith organs | otolith membrane
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| if the head is turned left the hair cells in the left horizontal canal will be ________ and the hair cells of the right horizontal canal will be ____ | depolarized; hyperpolarized
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| when the head is at rest the VIII nerves on both sides of the head fire APs at the ____ rate | same
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| the function of the _____ is to stabilize your eyes (and gaze) when your head moves | vestibular-ocular reflext
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| _____ is much slower than vestibular processing for image stabilization | visual processing
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| fast movement that resets the eyes | saccade (named for direction of fast snap)
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| right semicircular canal damage will cause a _____ beating nystagmus | left
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| in caloric testing a normal response to cold water is ______ and the normal respose to warm water is _____ | saccade to the opposite side; saccade to the same side
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| loss of the VOR causes problems with fixation on visual targets while head is moving | oscillopsia
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| if you have unilateral damage you ____ recover the ability to fixate; however if you have bilateral damage you _____ | can; cannot (the world will alway seem to be moving)
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| the cell bodies of VIII are located in | scarpa's ganglion
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| the medial vestibulospinal pathway controls ____ postural reflexes | head
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| the lateral vestiublospinal pathway controls ____ postural reflexes | axial and limb (forelimb extension and hindlimb flexion)
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| rigid extension of the limbs caused by transection of the brainstem above the level of the vestibular nucleus is called ______ | decerebrate rigidity
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| the vestibular axons project to the _____ of the thalamus and then to areas ___ and ___ of the somatosensory cortex | VPL; 3 &5
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| In the sensory organization test patients with a vestibular disorder will do very poorly when _______ | both visual and proprioceptive signals are taken away
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