cardiac terms
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| Heart rate | normal resting heart rate for adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute
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| Ejection fraction | total amount of blood in the left ventricle is pumped out with each heartbeat.
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| Preload | end diastolic volume that stretches the right or left ventricle of the heart to its greatest dimensions under variable physiologic demand
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| Afterload | the pressure against which the heart must work to eject blood during systole
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| Cardiac output | the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
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| Cardiac index | Cardiac Output ÷ Body Surface Area (BSA)
2.7 to 3.2 L/min/m2 BSA
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| Stroke volume | amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction.
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| Myocardial contractility | the “strength” of contraction
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| SA Node | the heart's natural pacemaker consists of a cluster of cells that are situated in the upper part of the wall of the right atrium (the right upper chamber of the heart). The electrical impulses are generated there.
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| AV Node | controls the heart rate, is one of the major elements in the cardiac conduction system. The AV node serves as an electrical relay station, slowing the electrical current sent by the sinoatrial (SA) node before the signal is permitted to pass down through
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| Arrhythmia | condition in which the heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm
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| Bachmann's Bundle | is a branch of the anterior internodal tract that resides on the inner wall of the left atrium
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| LAD | anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery, or anterior descending branch) is a branch of the left coronary artery. Occlusion of this artery is often called the widow-maker infarction due to a high death risk
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| P wave | atrial depolarization befor every QRS
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| PR interval | tracks the atrial impulse from the atria through
the AV node, bundle of His, and right and left bundle branches .12 -.20 sec
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| QRS Interval | Ventricular depolarization last 0.06-0.10seconds
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| ST Segment | represents the end of ventricular conduction or
depolarization and the beginning of ventricular recovery or repolarization. may vary from –0.5 to +1 mm in some precordial leads.
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| T Wave | represents ventricular recovery or repolarization.
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| U Wave | represents the recovery period of the Purkinje or ventricular conduction fibers. It isn’t present on every rhythm strip
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| QT Interval | measures ventricular depolarization and repolarization. varies according to heart rate.
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| MAP | indication of perfusion. Want at least 60 mmHg to provide enough blood to the coronary arteries, kidneys, and brain. The normal range is between 70 and 100 mmHg
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