Gait considerations
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| Pelvis forward rotation ( transverse pelvic rotation) occurs in wich phase? And how many degrees? | during swing phase, aproximately 4 degrees.
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| What is the high and low point of the lateral tilt of the pelvis during a gait? And it is controlled by wich muscles? | at midstance- high pointperiod of double support- low point. Controled by hip abductors.
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| What are the phases of gait on STANCE PHASE? | Heel Strike, Foot flat, Midstance, Heel off and toe off.
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| What are the phases of gait on SWING PHASE? | Acceleration, Midswing and Deceleration.
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| Whats is cadence? And what is the average of steps per minute? | the number of steps taken over a period of time.Avg 110-120 steps per min.
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| Common gait deviations: Stance phase. | Lateral bending- weak gluteus medius
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| Bending on the same side of weakness:( Stance Phase) | Trendelenburg gait.* Patients may experience hip pain.
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| Backward lean of the trunk:(Stance Phase) | Usually caused by a weak gluteus maximus.* Pt will have difficulty goingup stairs or ramps.
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| STEP: | Step lenght is the measured distance between the points of heel contact, of one extremity to the point of heel strike of opposite extremity.
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| Excessive hip flexion:(Stance Phase) | Usually caused by weak hip extensors or tight hip or knee flexors.
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| Limited hip extension:(Stance Phase) | tight or spatic hip flexors
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| Limited hip flexion: (Stance Phase) | caused by: weak hip flexor or tight hip extensors.
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| Excessive knee flexion caused by:-SP | weak quadriceps, pt has difficulty going down stairs or ramp; trunk may compensate by ncreasing forward bending. May hv difficulty with sit to stand.
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| Hyperextension of the knee caused by: | weak quads, pl fl. contracture or extensor spasticity.
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| TOE FIRST-heel contact floor at heel strike. | Result of- weak dorsal f, spatict ot tight plantar flexors, shortened leg lenght,painful heel or a positive support reflex.
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| FOOT SLAP | the foot make floor contact with a audible slap; result of weak dorsal f. or hypotonia.
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| What are some FOOT SLAP -considerations? | patient may compensate for this deficit by using a steppage gait (excessive hip and knee flexion)
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| What happen on floot flat? What the major cause od if? | the entire foot contacts the ground at contact.weak dorsiflexors, limited ROM, or immature gait pattern ( neonatal)
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| What is a calacaneous gait? | execessive dorsiflexion with uncontrolled forward motion o the tibia. This is result of WEAK PLANTARFLEXORS.
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| What is a EQUINUS GAIT? | The heel doesnt touch the ground.
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| Equinus gait may be caused by what? | spasticity or contracture of the plantarflexors.
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| Supination gait is... | execessive lateral contact of foot during stance with VARUS position of CALCANEUS.
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| What are the possibles causes of supination GAIT? | Weak spatic invertors, weak evertors, pes varus, genu varum
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| Pronation is .... | excessive medial contact of foot during stance phase, with VALGUS position of CALCANEUS.
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| What are possibles causes od pronation GAIT? | weak invertors, pes planus, genu valgum and spaticity.
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| What is Toes Claw? | the result of spatic toe flexors, possibilty a hyperactice plantar grasp reflex.
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| What are the major causes of INADEQUATE PUSH OFF? | weak plantar flexors, decreased ROM, or pain in the forefoot/toe.
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| What are the commmon Gait Deviations Swing phase? ( Trunk and Hip)- 7 | Insufficient foward pelvic rotation (eg. stroke), Insuff. hip and knee flexion, circundation, Hip Hiking, Steppage gait( execessive hip and knee flexion), Abnormal synergistic, Vaulting.
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| What are the commmon Gait Deviations Swing phase?( Knee) -2 | Insuff. knee flexion, Excessive knee flexion.
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| What are the commmon Gait Deviations Swing phase?(Ankle and foot) -3 | foot drop(equinus), Varus or innevated foot and equinus varus
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| What is vaulting in a gait? | swing leg is able to advance trough the combination of elevation of the pelvis and plantar flexion of the stance limb.
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